Browsing by Subject "Ethnicity"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 28
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    Assessing Disparities in Care Utilization and Outcomes Among Pregnant Women with T2D Based on Race and Ethnicity
    (2022-07-29) Pelton, Sarah; Izewski, Joanna; Scifres, Christina
    Background/Objective: Disparities faced by individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or gestational diabetes mellitus have been identified. However, because less is known about disparities faced by pregnant women with T2D and since the prevalence of T2D is increasing, we sought to investigate this issue. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study that included 369 women with singleton gestation and T2D that delivered from 2018-2020. Using maternal self-reported race and ethnicity abstracted from the electronic medical record, we categorized the women as Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic. Demographics, health care utilization, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were also abstracted. One way ANOVA and chi-squared tests were utilized to compare outcomes among the groups, and logistic regression was used to control for co-variates. Results: Non-Hispanic White and Non-Hispanic Black women had a higher BMI at their first prenatal visit and were more likely to be nulliparous. They were also more likely to have a prior caesarean delivery and chronic hypertension. Non-Hispanic Black women were more likely to have ≥12 prenatal visits compared to Non-Hispanic White and Hispanic women (70 vs. 43 vs. 45%, p<0.001), and non-Hispanic Black women had the lowest early pregnancy HbA1c (7.0±1.6 vs. 7.9±2.1 vs. 7.5±1.7%, p<0.001). Additionally, caesarean delivery rates were lowest for Hispanic women compared to Non-Hispanic White and Non-Hispanic Black women (45 vs. 63 vs. 71%, p<0.001); this difference persisted after controlling for co-variates (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.92). Conversely, there were no differences in birth weight category, preterm birth <37 weeks, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, or NICU admission. Conclusion and Potential Impact: Pregnancies complicated by T2D have an increased risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. For some outcomes, there is a significant difference among Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women. Future studies are therefore needed to investigate causative factors and potential interventions. Presentation recording available online: https://purl.dlib.indiana.edu/iudl/media/h04d673g6h
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    BrainAGE Estimation: Influence of Field Strength, Voxel Size, Race, and Ethnicity
    (medRxiv, 2023-12-05) Dempsey, Desarae A.; Deardorff, Rachael; Wu, Yu-Chien; Yu, Meichen; Apostolova, Liana G.; Brosch, Jared; Clark, David G.; Farlow, Martin R.; Gao, Sujuan; Wang, Sophia; Saykin, Andrew J.; Risacher, Shannon L.; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    The BrainAGE method is used to estimate biological brain age using structural neuroimaging. However, the stability of the model across different scan parameters and races/ethnicities has not been thoroughly investigated. Estimated brain age was compared within- and across- MRI field strength and across voxel sizes. Estimated brain age gap (BAG) was compared across demographically matched groups of different self-reported races and ethnicities in ADNI and IMAS cohorts. Longitudinal ComBat was used to correct for potential scanner effects. The brain age method was stable within field strength, but less stable across different field strengths. The method was stable across voxel sizes. There was a significant difference in BAG between races, but not ethnicities. Correction procedures are suggested to eliminate variation across scanner field strength while maintaining accurate brain age estimation. Further studies are warranted to determine the factors contributing to racial differences in BAG.
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    Correction: Symptomatic, clinical and biomarker associations for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients enriched for African Americans
    (BMC, 2022-08-29) Ashktorab, Hassan; Pizuorno, Antonio; Adeleye, Folake; Laiyemo, Adeyinka; Dalivand, Maryam Mehdipour; Aduli, Farshad; Sherif, Zaki A.; Oskrochi, Gholamreza; Angesom, Kibreab; Oppong-Twene, Philip; Challa, Suryanarayana Reddy; Okorie, Nnaemeka; Moon, Esther S.; Romos, Edward; Jones-Wonni, Boubini; Kone, Abdoul Madjid; Rankine, Sheldon; Thrift, Camelita; Scholes, Derek; Ekwunazu, Chiamaka; Banson, Abigail; Mitchell, Brianna; Maskalo, Guttu; Ross, Jillian; Curtis, Julencia; Kim, Rachel; Gilliard, Chandler; Ahuja, Geeta; Mathew, Joseph; Gavin, Warren; Kara, Areeba; Hache-Marliere, Manuel; Palaiodimos, Leonidas; Mani, Vishnu R.; Kalabin, Aleksandr; Gayam, Vijay Reddy; Garlapati, Pavani Reddy; Miller, Joseph; Chirumamilla, Lakshmi Gayathri; Jackson, Fatimah; Carethers, John M.; Kamangar, Farin; Brim, Hassan; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Correction to: BMC Infectious Diseases (2022) 22:552 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07520-1
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    COVID-19 Vaccination of Adolescents and Young Adults of Color: Viewing Acceptance and Uptake With a Health Equity Lens
    (Elsevier, 2021) Coyne-Beasley, Tamera; Hill, Samantha V.; Zimet, Gregory; Kanbur, Nuray; Kimberlin, David; Raymond-Flesch, Marissa; Simpson, Tina; Svetaz, Maria Veronica; Trent, Maria; Walker-Harding, Leslie; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
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    Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance of a Measure of Disability for White, Black, Hispanic and Asian Older Adults
    (MDPI, 2021-02-03) Chan, Keith T.; Algood, Carl; Prifti, Andreana; Zidan, Tarek; School of Social Work
    Introduction: This study aims to determine the cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the Washington Group General Measure of Disability for older adults. Materials and methods: This study used the 2012 California Health Interview Survey. The sample included 14,115 non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic and Asian adults aged 65 and older. Analysis was conducted using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), parallel and Tau-equivalent tests. Results: The results indicated that the measure was valid for use with older adults (Satorra Bentler χ2 = 13.27, df = 3, p = 0.005, GFI = 0.996). Multi-group CFA indicated comparisons were valid between Whites with Blacks, and Hispanics with Asians. Cognitive disability was associated with independent living disability for Whites and Blacks, and with sensory disability for Hispanics and Asians. Conclusions: Findings indicated the measure is valid for cross-cultural comparison for certain racial/ethnic groups. Further research is needed to understand differences in associations of cognitive decline with other areas of disability for older adults.
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    Depressive Disorder Subtypes as Predictors of Incident Obesity in US Adults: Moderation by Race/Ethnicity
    (Oxford, 2017-05-01) Polanka, Brittanny M.; Vrany, Elizabeth A.; Patel, Jay; Stewart, Jesse C.; Psychology, School of Science
    We compared the relative importance of atypical major depressive disorder (MDD), nonatypical MDD, and dysthymic disorder in predicting 3-year obesity incidence and change in body mass index and determined whether race/ethnicity moderated these relationships. We examined data from 17,787 initially nonobese adults in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions waves 1 (2001-2002) and 2 (2004-2005) who were representative of the US population. Lifetime subtypes of depressive disorders were determined using a structured interview, and obesity outcomes were computed from self-reported height and weight. Atypical MDD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43, 1.97; P < 0.001) and dysthymic disorder (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.12; P < 0.001) were stronger predictors of incident obesity than were nonatypical MDD (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22; P = 0.027) and no history of depressive disorder. Atypical MDD (B = 0.41 (standard error, 0.15); P = 0.007) was a stronger predictor of increases in body mass index than were dysthymic disorder (B = -0.31 (standard error, 0.21); P = 0.142), nonatypical MDD (B = 0.007 (standard error, 0.06); P = 0.911), and no history of depressive disorder. Race/ethnicity was a moderator; atypical MDD was a stronger predictor of incident obesity in Hispanics/Latinos (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.73, 2.24; P < 0.001) than in non-Hispanic whites (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.91; P < 0.001) and blacks (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.26; P < 0.001). US adults with atypical MDD are at particularly high risk of weight gain and obesity, and Hispanics/Latinos may be especially vulnerable to the obesogenic consequences of depressions.
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    Does Acculturation Matter? End-of-Life Care Planning and Preference of Foreign-born Older Immigrants in the United States
    (Oxford Academic, 2019-05-01) Grace Yi, Eun-Hye; School Of Social Work
    Abstract Background and Objectives Advance care planning (ACP) is a critical component of health care affecting the quality of later life. Responding to the increase in the older immigrant population in the United States, this empirical study explored the racial/ethnic gaps in ACP behaviors among older immigrants and examined the end-of-life (EOL) care planning and preferences of foreign-born immigrant older adults focusing on race/ethnicity, acculturation, health need factors, and enabling social factors (financial capability, public assistance, and informal supports) after controlling predisposing factors (sociodemographic characteristics). Research Design and Methods Using a subsample from the National Health and Aging Trends Study 2011 and 2012, hierarchical logistic regression models of the EOL plan and preferences were examined with 50 multiple imputation data sets (n = 232). Results Descriptive statistics reveal lower ACP engagement of immigrants from racial/ethnic minority groups. In logistic models, however, only Black immigrants were less likely than Whites to have EOL conversations. Among acculturation factors, age at immigration was only negatively associated with having a durable power of attorney for health, but not significantly associated with other ACP behaviors. Instead, health and social factors, primarily need in health and informal support (i.e., number of coresidents and receiving financial help from family members), were associated with different types of ACP components. Receiving public assistance (i.e., receiving Medicaid and SSI) were positively associated with EOL treatment preferences. Discussion and Implications Older foreign-born immigrants, in general, showed lower ACP engagement than the overall older population. Moreover, minority immigrants were lower on ACP engagement than both White immigrants. This study highlights the need for formal and informal assistance for enhancing EOL planning for older immigrants. Adding to the culturally competent approach, policy efforts should address social and health factors that accrued throughout individuals’ life spans and affect older immigrants’ EOL preparation and care.
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    Graduation and Academic Placement of Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Minority Doctoral Recipients in Public Health Disciplines, United States, 2003-2015
    (SAGE Publications, 2018-11-30) Jackson, Joanna R.; Holmes, Ann M.; Golembiewski, Elizabeth; Brown-Podgorski, Brittany L.; Menachemi, Nir; Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health
    Objectives: Given public health’s emphasis on health disparities in underrepresented racial/ethnic minority communities, having a racially and ethnically diverse faculty is important to ensure adequate public health training. We examined trends in the number of underrepresented racial/ethnic minority (ie, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander) doctoral graduates from public health fields and determined the proportion of persons from underrepresented racial/ethnic minority groups who entered academia. Methods: We analyzed repeated cross-sectional data from restricted files collected by the National Science Foundation on doctoral graduates from US institutions during 2003-2015. Our dependent variables were the number of all underrepresented racial/ethnic minority public health doctoral recipients and underrepresented racial/ethnic minority graduates who had accepted academic positions. Using logistic regression models and adjusted odds ratios (aORs), we examined correlates of these variables over time, controlling for all independent variables (eg, gender, age, relationship status, number of dependents). Results: The percentage of underrepresented racial/ethnic minority doctoral graduates increased from 15.4% (91 of 592) in 2003 to 23.4% (296 of 1264) in 2015, with the largest increase occurring among black graduates (from 6.6% in 2003 to 14.1% in 2015). Black graduates (310 of 1241, 25.0%) were significantly less likely than white graduates (2258 of 5913, 38.2%) and, frequently, less likely than graduates from other underrepresented racial/ethnic minority groups to indicate having accepted an academic position (all P < .001). Conclusions: Stakeholders should consider targeted programs to increase the number of racial/ethnic minority faculty members in academic public health fields.
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    Impact of Body Mass Index on Prognosis for Breast Cancer Patients
    (JScholar, 2017) Tan, Fei; Xiao, Hong; Gummadi, Sriharsha; Koniaris, Leonidas G; Feldman, Jason David; Ali, Ayalew; Adunlin, George; Huang, Youjie; Mathematical Sciences, School of Science
    This study investigates the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the prognosis for patients with breast cancer within the context of race (African-American versus Caucasian) and ethnicity (Hispanic versus Non-Hispanic). Overall, this study included 1,368 female breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2010 with electronic medical record data accrued from a large Florida hospital network. Non-Hispanic black patients comprised 8.77% of the cohort and Hispanic patients made up 7.56%. Multivariate analysis revealed that breast cancer death rate was increased over 2.6-fold for underweight patients ubiquitously, regardless of race or ethnicity. Patients overweight or obese did not have an increased hazard rate compared to those of normal weight. Importantly, the mechanism for the poorer prognosis for underweight patients needs to be defined. We suggest the use of a low BMI as a high-risk factor for breast-cancer mortality in all racial and ethnic populations.