Browsing by Subject "Ethnic minorities"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
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    The crossover effect: A review of racial/ethnic variations in risk for substance use and substance use disorder across development
    (Springer Nature, 2018-09) Banks, Devin E.; Zapolski, Tamika C.B.; Psychology, School of Science
    Purpose of Review: The "crossover" effect, a phenomenon by which some minority groups switch from low to high risk for substance use as a function of age, was first documented 25 years ago. However, rigorous methodological research examining the crossover effect has only recently emerged. The current paper reviews the past 25 years of research on the crossover effect, which has primarily examined the shift from low to high substance use risk among Blacks relative to Whites. Recent Findings: Although findings regarding the crossover effect vary based on gender, socioeconomic status, and substance, Blacks and Hispanics appear to be at lower risk for some substance use- particularly binge drinking and cigarette smoking-than Whites during adolescence and early adulthood, but at higher risk for use in later life. Research regarding the crossover effect of substance use disorder and related problems is limited but more consistent with a similar pattern of effects observed. Summary: Due to significant limitations of the extant literature examining the crossover effect, it requires additional research clarifying sociodemographic differences in the, identifying its mechanisms, and determining its clinical implications. Such research may have important implications for preventing racial/ethnic disparities in the consequences associated with disordered substance use.
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    Integrating Islam and Muslims into the U.S. History Survey
    (Oxford University Press, 2008) Curtis, Edward E., IV
    By some estimates, there are only two to three million Muslims in the United States, and yet their vulnerability to state surveillance and mob violence, their symbolic importance to the so-called clash of civilizations between Islam and America—and their remarkable stories and lives—demand coverage in the U.S. history survey. Though no one lesson plan can cover an entire religious group, this teaching strategy suggests how instructors can build on students' own experiences and knowledge of key events and themes in the history of ethnic and religious groups and U.S. foreign policy to integrate Islam and Muslims into the survey. Many scholars of Islamic studies and history believe that, due to overwhelmingly negative news coverage associated with Islam and Muslims, teachers need to begin any lesson on Islam and Muslims with some discussion of the stereotypes and cultural baggage that color most American discourse on the subject. This teaching strategy goes a step further, asking students to think comparatively about the stereotyping of religious and ethnic minorities in U.S. history and to locate some of the historical roots of stereotypes about Islam and Muslims in the twentieth century. It concludes with suggestions and resources geared toward introducing students to the diversity of Islam and Muslims in the contemporary United States.