Browsing by Subject "Ethnic Groups"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    The Difference Between Living and Dying: Victim Characteristics and Motive Among Nonfatal Shootings and Gun Homicides
    (Springer, 2017-12-01) Hipple, Natalie Kroovand; Magee, Lauren A.; School of Public and Environmental Affairs
    Using both official and unofficial data sources, researchers examined nonfatal (n = 617) and fatal shooting (n = 159) victim characteristics over an 18-month period in Indianapolis. This research revealed that the typical shooting victim was male, non-White, almost 29 years old, had been arrested prior to inclusion in this study, and had been shot more than once. Interestingly, this research supports the notion that nonfatal shooting and homicide victims are different, especially as they relate to victim age, gunshot wound severity, and shooting motive. It highlights the need for better gun violence data collection beyond what currently exists. Striving for improved, more comprehensive cross-sector data collection has implications beyond just police policy and practice to include public health and prevention efforts.
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    The Influence of the Indy International Festival on Visitors' Attitudes Toward Diverse Cultures
    (2016-04) Chu, Yung-Tsen; Wang, Suosheng; Fu, Yao-Yi; King, Carina Chern Chern
    In this era of globalization, people have more opportunities to meet many ethnic groups in their daily lives whether it is in schools, in the workplace, or even in the private sector or in government. Interacting with people from other countries can enhance our knowledge of cultural diversity and provide us with an international perspective. There are many ways of enhancing cultural understanding such as attending international festivals. While research on festivals is fast growing, study on visitors’ attitudes toward diverse cultures is relatively unexplored. This paper used a visitor attitude scale, a modified M-GUDS-S, to investigate visitors’ behavioral, cognitive, and/or affective components of diversity attitudes. The research was conducted at the 2014 Indy International Festival and focused on measuring visitation frequency, stay-time at the event, similar event participation, cultural interest, and overseas travel experience contributing to any observed differences on visitors’ attitudes. Also, the visitors’ intention to travel overseas after attending this festival was investigated. A total of 195 visitors was surveyed on site with 176 providing usable data. The findings suggest that international festivals play an important role in improving visitors’ awareness, appreciation, and acceptance of diverse cultures. Specifically, visitation frequency, the time spent at the event, and personal interest in cultures have significant influence on attitudes.
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    Interrogating The “Natives”: Learning, Community And The Diasporic Native
    (Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 2004) Nyanungo, Hleziphi Naomie
    This study examines the interactive nature of learning between a community in a small Caribbean island and an African researcher. Relying on the works of such reflexive anthropologists, the study addresses the interactive nature of learning and reframes the subject/object division with the anthropological notion of “Diasporic native.” The questions under girding this autoethnographic study are: In what ways does the cultural familiarity between researcher and the researched enhance or hinder researcher learning from this experience and how are these lessons perceived to influence the work of a researcher and community educator? Preliminary findings from this study are: 1) for a Diasporic native researcher, history is embedded in the present; 2) the researcher is constantly negotiating his/her identity as he/she is claimed as an insider; 3) participating in the life of the community initiatives involves both giving and receiving and 4) observations made in the field make sense in the context of everyday interactions. The study concludes with implications for community researchers and educators.
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    Patient Race/Ethnicity and Patient-Physician Race/Ethnicity Concordance in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors for Patients With Diabetes
    (American Diabetes Association, 2010-03) Traylor, Ana H.; Subramanian, Usha; Uratsu, Connie S.; Mangione, Carol M.; Selby, Joe V.; Schmittdiel, Julie A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    OBJECTIVE Patient-physician race/ethnicity concordance can improve care for minority patients. However, its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) care and prevention is unknown. We examined associations of patient race/ethnicity and patient-physician race/ethnicity concordance on CVD risk factor levels and appropriate modification of treatment in response to high risk factor values (treatment intensification) in a large cohort of diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included 108,555 adult diabetic patients in Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 2005. Probit models assessed the effect of patient race/ethnicity on risk factor control and treatment intensification after adjusting for patient and physician-level characteristics. RESULTS African American patients were less likely than whites to have A1C <8.0% (64 vs. 69%, P < 0.0001), LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl (40 vs. 47%, P < 0.0001), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) <140 mmHg (70 vs. 78%, P < 0.0001). Hispanic patients were less likely than whites to have A1C <8% (62 vs. 69%, P < 0.0001). African American patients were less likely than whites to have A1C treatment intensification (73 vs. 77%, P < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] 0.8 [95% CI 0.7–0.9]) but more likely to receive treatment intensification for SBP (78 vs. 71%, P < 0.0001; 1.5 [1.3–1.7]). Hispanic patients were more likely to have LDL cholesterol treatment intensification (47 vs. 45%, P < 0.05; 1.1 [1.0–1.2]). Patient-physician race/ethnicity concordance was not significantly associated with risk factor control or treatment intensification. CONCLUSIONS Patient race/ethnicity is associated with risk factor control and treatment intensification, but patient-physician race/ethnicity concordance was not. Further research should investigate other potential drivers of disparities in CVD care.
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    Race and sex differences in response to endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension
    (Elsevier, 2012-01) Gabler, Nicole B.; French, Benjamin; Strom, Brian L.; Liu, Ziyue; Palevsky, Harold I.; Taichman, Darren B.; Kawut, Steven M.; Halpern, Scott D.; Biostatistics, School of Public Health
    Background Recently studied therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have improved outcomes among populations of patients, but little is known about which patients are most likely to respond to specific treatments. Differences in endothelin-1 biology between sexes and between whites and blacks may lead to differences in patients' responses to treatment with endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs). Methods We conducted pooled analyses of deidentified, patient-level data from six randomized placebo-controlled trials of ERAs submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration to elucidate heterogeneity in treatment response. We estimated the interaction between treatment assignment (ERA vs placebo) and sex and between treatment and white or black race in terms of the change in 6-min walk distance from baseline to 12 weeks. Results Trials included 1,130 participants with a mean age of 49 years; 21% were men, 74% were white, and 6% were black. The placebo-adjusted response to ERAs was 29.7 m (95% CI, 3.7-55.7 m) greater in women than in men (P = .03). The placebo-adjusted response was 42.2 m for whites and −1.4 m for blacks, a difference of 43.6 m (95% CI, −3.5-90.7 m) (P = .07). Similar results were found in sensitivity analyses and in secondary analyses using the outcome of absolute distance walked. Conclusions Women with PAH obtain greater responses to ERAs than do men, and whites may experience a greater treatment benefit than do blacks. This heterogeneity in treatment-response may reflect pathophysiologic differences between sexes and races or distinct disease phenotypes.