Browsing by Subject "Engineering"
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Item Advancing medical technology innovation and clinical translation via a model of industry-enabled technical and educational support: Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute’s Medical Technology Advance Program(Cambridge University Press, 2021-01-19) Brightman, Andrew O.; Coffee, R. Lane, Jr.; Garcia, Kara; Lottes, Aaron E.; Sors, Thomas G.; Moe, Sharon M.; Wodika, George R.; Medicine, School of MedicineThe success rate for translation of newly engineered medical technologies into clinical practice is low. Traversing the “translational valleys of death” requires a high level of knowledge of the complex landscape of technical, ethical, regulatory, and commercialization challenges along a multi-agency path of approvals. The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute developed a program targeted at increasing that success rate through comprehensive training, education, and resourcing. The Medical Technology Advance Program (MTAP) provides technical, educational, and consultative assistance to investigators that leverages partnerships with experts in the health products industry to speed progress toward clinical implementation. The training, resourcing, and guidance are integrated through the entire journey of medical technology translation. Investigators are supported through a set of courses that cover bioethics, ethical engineering, preclinical and clinical study design, regulatory submissions, entrepreneurship, and commercialization. In addition to the integrated technical and educational resources, program experts provide direct consultation for planning each phase along the life cycle of translation. Since 2008, nearly 200 investigators have gained assistance from MTAP resulting in over 100 publications and patents. This support via medicine–engineering–industry partnership provides a unique and novel opportunity to expedite new medical technologies into clinical and product implementation.Item Author Correction: A pyramidal deep learning pipeline for kidney whole-slide histology images classification(Springer Nature, 2021-11-02) Abdeltawab, Hisham; Khalifa, Fahmi; Ghazal, Mohammed; Cheng, Liang; Gondim, Dibson; El‑Baz, Ayman; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of MedicineThis corrects the article "A pyramidal deep learning pipeline for kidney whole-slide histology images classification" in volume 11, 20189.Item Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving(Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2017-03-30) Li, Jiaming; de Melo, Leonardo F.; Luo, Le; Department of Physics, School of ScienceWe present a cooling method for a cold Fermi gas by parametrically driving atomic motions in a crossed-beam optical dipole trap (ODT). Our method employs the anharmonicity of the ODT, in which the hotter atoms at the edge of the trap feel the anharmonic components of the trapping potential, while the colder atoms in the center of the trap feel the harmonic one. By modulating the trap depth with frequencies that are resonant with the anharmonic components, we selectively excite the hotter atoms out of the trap while keeping the colder atoms in the trap, generating parametric cooling. This experimental protocol starts with a magneto-optical trap (MOT) that is loaded by a Zeeman slower. The precooled atoms in the MOT are then transferred to an ODT, and a bias magnetic field is applied to create an interacting Fermi gas. We then lower the trapping potential to prepare a cold Fermi gas near the degenerate temperature. After that, we sweep the magnetic field to the noninteracting regime of the Fermi gas, in which the parametric cooling can be manifested by modulating the intensity of the optical trapping beams. We find that the parametric cooling effect strongly depends on the modulation frequencies and amplitudes. With the optimized frequency and amplitude, we measure the dependence of the cloud energy on the modulation time. We observe that the cloud energy is changed in an anisotropic way, where the energy of the axial direction is significantly reduced by parametric driving. The cooling effect is limited to the axial direction because the dominant anharmonicity of the crossed-beam ODT is along the axial direction. Finally, we propose to extend this protocol for the trapping potentials of large anharmonicity in all directions, which provides a promising scheme for cooling quantum gases using external driving.Item Erratum: Advancing medical technology innovation and clinical translation via a model of industry-enabled technical and educational support: Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute's Medical Technology Advance Program(Cambridge University Press, 2021-07-22) Brightman, Andrew O.; Coffee, R. Lane, Jr.; Garcia, Kara; Lottes, Aaron E.; Sors, Thomas G.; Moe, Sharon M.; Wodicka, George R.; Medicine, School of Medicine[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.1.].Item Exploring arterial tissue microstructural organization using non-Gaussian diffusion magnetic resonance schemes(Springer Nature, 2021-11-15) Shahid, Syed Salman; Johnston, Robert D.; Smekens, Celine; Kerskens, Christian; Gaul, Robert; Tornifoglio, Brooke; Stone, Alan J.; Lally, Caitríona; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineThe purpose of this study was to characterize the alterations in microstructural organization of arterial tissue using higher-order diffusion magnetic resonance schemes. Three porcine carotid artery models namely; native, collagenase treated and decellularized, were used to estimate the contribution of collagen and smooth muscle cells (SMC) on diffusion signal attenuation using gaussian and non-gaussian schemes. The samples were imaged in a 7 T preclinical scanner. High spatial and angular resolution diffusion weighted images (DWIs) were acquired using two multi-shell (max b-value = 3000 s/mm2) acquisition protocols. The processed DWIs were fitted using monoexponential, stretched-exponential, kurtosis and bi-exponential schemes. Directionally variant and invariant microstructural parametric maps of the three artery models were obtained from the diffusion schemes. The parametric maps were used to assess the sensitivity of each diffusion scheme to collagen and SMC composition in arterial microstructural environment. The inter-model comparison showed significant differences across the considered models. The bi-exponential scheme based slow diffusion compartment (Ds) was highest in the absence of collagen, compared to native and decellularized microenvironments. In intra-model comparison, kurtosis along the radial direction was the highest. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of higher order dMRI schemes in mapping constituent specific alterations in arterial microstructure.Item Inverted Pendulum(2022-05-06) Aljadani, Fuad; Freije, Elizabeth; Stephens, CriagThe inverted Pendulum system is an example system in physics, dynamics, and control field. The center of mass of the Inverted Pendulum is about its pivot point and the Inverted Pendulum can be hung stably in its inverted position by using the control system to monitor the angle of the rod and moving the pivot point horizontally back below the center of gravity when the rod starts to fall over to maintain its balance. So, the purpose of this project is to repair a digital control for an inverted pendulum system which can keep the Inverted pendulum in a balanced position. We implement a system solution which includes a power supply that will generate power for the microcontroller and the cart motor. Also, this program will have a microcontroller that will meet the requirement for both hardware and software as this program will have a microcontroller that is able to communicate with the power supply and the cart motor by cables in order to give the instruction to the system. Also, the microcontroller should be capable of having a USB port in order to download the program. It will also be able to receive and send data to process encoder data and control the DC motor such that the inverted pendulum is balanced in an upright position.Item Multi-level requirement model and its implementation for medical device(2018-08) Wang, Hua; Chen, Jie; Li, Shuning; Dalir, HamidRequirements determine the expectations for a new or modified product. Requirements engineering involves defining, documentation and maintenance of requirements. The rapid improving of technologies and changing of market needs require a shorter time to market and more diversified products. As an important and complex task in product development, it is a huge work to develop new requirements for each new product from scratch. The reusability of requirements data becomes more and more important. However, with the current “copy and paste” approach, engineers have to go through the entire set of requirements (sometimes even more than one set of requirements) to identify the ones which need to be reused or updated. It takes a lot of time and highly relies on the engineers’ experiences. Software tools can only make it easier to capture and locate the requirements, but won’t be able to solve the problem of effective reuse of the existing requirement data. The overall goal of this research is to develop a new model to improve the management of requirements and make the reuse and reconfiguration of existing requirements and requirement models more efficient. Considering the requirements data as an important part of the knowledge body of companies, we followed the knowledge categorization method to classify requirements into groups, which were called levels in the study, based on their changing frequency. There are four levels, the regulatory level, the product line level, the product level and the project level. The regulatory level is the most stable level. Requirements in this level were derived from government and industry regulations. The product line level contains the common requirements for a group of products, the product line. The third level, product level, refers to the specific requirements of the product. And the fourth and most dynamic level, the project level, is about the specific configurations of a product for a project. We chose auto-injector as the application to implement the model, since it is a relatively simple product, but its requirements cover many different categories. There are three major steps in our research approach for the project. The first is to develop requirements and classify them for our model. The development of requirements adopts the goal-oriented model to analyze and SysML, a system modeling language, to build requirements model. And the second step is to build requirements template, connecting the solution of the problem to the information system, standalone requirements management tool or information platform. This step is to find a way to realize the multi-level model in an information system. The final step is to implement the model. We chose two software tools for the implementation, Microsoft Office Excel, a commonly used tool for generating requirements documents, and Siemens PLM suite, Teamcenter, a world leading PLM platform with a requirement module. The results in the study include an auto-injector requirement set, a workflow for using the multi-level model, two requirements templates for implementation of the model in two different software tools, and two automatically generated requirement reports. Our model helps to define the changed part of requirements after analysis of the product change. It could avoid the pitfalls of the current way in reusing requirements. Based on the results from this study, we can draw the following conclusions. A practical multi-level requirements management model can be used for a medical device—the auto-injector; and the model can be implemented into different software tools to support reuse of existing requirement data in creating requirement models for new product development projects. Furthermore, the workflow and guideline to support the application and maintenance of the requirement model can be successful developed and implemented. Requirement documents/reports can be automatically generated through the software tool by following the workflow. And according to our assessment, the multi-level model can improve the reusability of requirements.Item Multipurpose Combined Power Supply, Signal Generator, and Oscilloscope(2022-05-02) Marcheggiani, Donte; De La Rosa, Rhiannon; Robinette, Aaron; Izadian, AfshinThis project consisted of design and construction of a combined Power Supply, Signal Generator, and Oscilloscope. This project was to be a 3-in-1 device marketed to engineering students at IUPUI. The goal was to give students the ability to conduct circuit analysis labs and prototyping in a location away from campus, and without the needs of expensive lab equipment.Item Orthodontic Mechanotransduction and the Role of the P2X7 Receptor(2009) Viecilli, Rodrigo F.; Katona, Thomas R.; Chen, Jie; Roberts, W. Eugene, Jr.; Hartsfield, James K., Jr.; Bidwell, JosephThe first part of the study describes the development of a microCT based engineering model to study orthodontic responses. The second part investigated the relationship between orthodontic stimulus, root resorption and bone modeling. It was hypothesized that stress magnitudes are insufficient to portray the mechanical environment and explain the clinical response; directions also play a role. An idealized tooth model was constructed for finite element analysis. The principal stress magnitudes and directions were calculated in tipping and translation. It was concluded that within the same region of root, PDL and bone, there can be compression in one structure, tension in another. At a given point in a structure, compression and tension can coexist in different directions. Magnitudes of compression or tension are typically different in different directions. Previously published data presenting only stress magnitude plots can be confusing, perhaps impossible to understand and/or correlate with biological responses. To avoid ambiguities, a reference to a principal stress should include its predominant direction. Combined stress magnitude/direction results suggest that the PDL is the initiator of mechanotransduction. The third part of this project tested the role of the P2X7 receptor in the dentoalveolar morphology of C57B/6 mice. P2X7R KO (knockout) mice were compared to C57B/6 WT to identify differences in a maxillary molar and bone. Tooth dimensions were measured and 3D bone morphometry was conducted. No statistically significant differences were found between the two mouse types. P2X7R does not have a major effect on alveolar bone or tooth morphology. The final part examines the role of the P2X7 receptor in a controlled biomechanical model. Orthodontic mechanotransduction was compared in wild-type (WT) and P2X7R knock-out (KO) mice. Using Finite Element Analysis, mouse mechanics were scaled to produce typical human stress levels. Relationships between the biological responses and the calculated stresses were statistically tested and compared. There were direct relationships between certain stress magnitudes and root resorption and bone formation. Hyalinization and root and bone resorption were different in WT and KO. Orthodontic responses are related to the principal stress patterns in the PDL and the P2X7 receptor plays a significant role in their mechanotransduction.Item Oxygenation Profiles of Human Blood, Cell Culture Medium, and Water for Perfusion of 3D-Bioprinted Tissues using the FABRICA Bioreactor Platform(Nature Research, 2020-04-29) Chen, Angela M.; Lashmet, Matthew; Isidan, Abdulkadir; Sterner, Jane L.; Walsh, Julia; Koehler, Cutter; Li, Ping; Ekser, Burcin; Smith, Lester; Surgery, School of MedicinePersistent and saturated oxygen distribution from perfusion media (i.e., blood, or cell culture media) to cells within cell-dense, metabolically-active biofabricated tissues is required to keep them viable. Improper or poor oxygen supply to cells within the tissue bulk severely limits the tissue culturing potential of many bioreactors. We added an oxygenator module to our modular FABRICA bioreactor in order to provide stable oxygenation to biofabricated tissues during culture. In this proof of concept study of an oxygenated and perfused bioreactor, we characterized the oxygenation of water, cell culture medium, and human blood in the FABRICA as functions of augmenting vacuum (air inlet) pressure, perfusion (volumetric flow) rate, and tubing/oxygenator components. The mean oxygen levels for water and cell culture media were 27.7 ± 2.1% and 27.6 ± 4.1%, respectively. The mean oxygen level for human blood was 197.0 ± 90.0 mmHg, with near-physiologic levels achieved with low-permeability PharMed tubing alone (128.0 ± 14.0 mmHg). Hematologic values pre- and post-oxygenation, respectively were (median ± IQR): Red blood cell: 6.0 ± 0.5 (106/μL) and 6.5 ± 0.4 (106/μL); Hemoglobin: 17.5 ± 1.2 g/dL and 19.2 ± 3.0 g/dL; and Hematocrit: 56.7 ± 2.4% and 61.4 ± 7.5%. The relative stability of the hematologic parameters indicates that blood function and thus blood cell integrity were maintained throughout oxygenation. Already a versatile research tool, the now oxygenated FABRICA provides easy-to-implement, in vivo-like perfusion and stable oxygenation culture conditions in vitro semi-independently of one another, which means the bioreactor has the potential to serve as a platform for investigating the behavior of 3D tissue models (regardless of biofabrication method), performing drug toxicity-testing, and testing pharmaceutical efficacy/safety.