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Item The Association of Early Life Factors and Declining Incidence Rates of Dementia in an Elderly Population of African Americans(Oxford University Press, 2018-04-16) Hendrie, Hugh C.; Smith-Gamble, Valerie; Lane, Kathleen A.; Purnell, Christianna; Clark, Daniel O.; Gao, Sujuan; Psychiatry, School of MedicineObjectives: To explore the possible association of childhood residence, education levels, and occupation with declining incidence rates of dementia in 2 cohorts of elderly African Americans. Methods: African Americans residing in Indianapolis without dementia were enrolled in 1992 and 2001 and evaluated every 2-3 years. The cohorts consist of 1,440 participants in 1992 and 1,835 participants in 2001 aged 70 years and older. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to compare cohort differences in dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Results: The 2001 cohort had significantly decreased risk of both incident dementia and AD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62/0.57 for dementia/AD). Years of education was associated with decreased risk of dementia (HR = 0.93; p = .0011). A significant interaction (p = .0477) between education and childhood rural residence was found for the risk of AD that higher education level is significantly associated with reduced AD risk (HR = 0.87) in participants with childhood rural residence, but no association in those with urban upbringing. The cohort difference for dementia rates were attenuated by adjusting for the 3 risk factors but remained significant (HR = 0.75; p = .04). Discussion: These results emphasize the importance of early life factors including rural residence and education for the risk for dementia later in life.Item Attitudes shift toward hiring applicants with criminal records(Indianapolis Business Journal, 2019-10-04) Malatestinic, Elizabeth L.Item Back to Business and (Re)employing Workers? Labor Market Activity During State COVID-19 Reopenings(National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020-06) Cheng, Wei; Carlin, Patrick; Carroll, Joanna; Gupta, Sumedha; Rojas, Felipe Lozano; Montenovo, Laura; Nguyen, Thuy D.; Schmutte, Ian M.; Scrivner, Olga; Simon, Kosali I.; Wing, Coady; Weinberg, Bruce; Department of Economics, IU School of Liberal ArtsWe study the effect of state reopening policies on a large set of labor market indicators through May 2020 to: (1) understand the recent increase in employment using longitudinal as well as cross-sectional data, (2) assess the likely trajectory of reemployment going forward, and (3) investigate the strength of job matches that were disrupted by COVID-19. Estimates from event studies and difference-in-difference regressions suggest that some of the recent increases in employment activity, as measured by cellphone data on work-related mobility, internet searches related to employment, and new and continuing unemployment insurance claims, were likely related to state reopenings, often predating actual reopening dates somewhat. We provide suggestive evidence that increases in employment stem from people returning to their prior jobs: reopenings are only weakly related to job postings, and longitudinal CPS data show that large shares of the unemployed-on-layoff and employed-but-absent in April who transitioned to employment in May remain in the same industry or occupation. Longitudinal CPS estimates further show declines in reemployment probabilities with time away from work. Taken together, these estimates suggest that employment relationships are durable in the short run, but raise concerns that employment gains requiring new employment matches may not be as rapid.Item Economic and Social Changes Among Distressed Family Caregivers of Lung Cancer Patients(Springer, 2013-03) Mosher, Catherine E.; Champion, Victoria L.; Azzoli, Christopher G.; Hanna, Nasser; Jalal, Shadia I.; Fakiris, Achilles J.; Birdas, Thomas J.; Okereke, Ikenna C.; Kesler, Kenneth A.; Einhorn, Lawrence H.; Monahan, Patrick O.; Ostroff, Jamie S.Purpose: Although costs of lung cancer care have been documented, economic and social changes among lung cancer patients' family caregivers have yet to be fully examined. In addition, research has not focused on caregivers with greater need for support services. This study examined various economic and social changes among distressed family caregivers of lung cancer patients during the initial months of cancer care in the USA. Methods: Lung cancer patients' primary family caregivers with significant anxiety or depressive symptoms were recruited from three medical centers within 12 weeks of the patient's new oncology visit. Caregivers (N = 83) reported demographic and medical information and caregiving burden at baseline. Seventy-four caregivers reported anxiety and depressive symptoms and economic and social changes 3 months later. Results: Seventy-four percent of distressed caregivers experienced one or more adverse economic or social changes since the patient's illness. Common changes included caregivers' disengagement from most social and leisure activities (56%) and, among employed caregivers (n = 49), reduced hours of work (45%). In 18% of cases, a family member quit work or made another major lifestyle change due to caregiving. Additionally, 28% of caregivers reported losing the main source of family income, and 18% reported losing most or all of the family savings. Loss of the main source of family income and disengagement from most social and leisure activities predicted greater caregiver distress. Conclusions: Findings suggest that distressed caregivers of lung cancer patients experience high rates of adverse economic and social changes that warrant clinical and research attention.Item Effects of social distancing policy on labor market outcomes(Wiley, 2023) Gupta, Sumedha; Montenovo, Laura; Nguyen, Thuy; Lozano-Rojas, Felipe; Schmutte, Ian; Simon, Kosali; Weinberg, Bruce A.; Wing, Coady; Economics, School of Liberal ArtsUS workers receive unemployment benefits if they lose their job, but not for reduced working hours. In alignment with the benefits incentives, we find that the labor market responded to COVID-19 and related closure-policies mostly on the extensive (12 pp outright job loss) margin. Exploiting timing variation in state closure-policies, difference-in-differences (DiD) estimates show, between March 12 and April 12, 2020, employment rate fell by 1.7 pp for every 10 extra days of state stay-at-home orders (SAH), with little effect on hours worked/earnings among those employed. Forty percentage of the unemployment was due to a nationwide shock, rest due to social-distancing policies, particularly among "non-essential" workers.Item Employment among Patients on Dialysis: An Unfulfilled Promise(American Society of Nephrology, 2018-02-07) Hallab, Ayman; Wish, Jay B.; Medicine, School of MedicineComment on : Employment among Patients Starting Dialysis in the United States. [Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018]Item Faculty salaries in health administration: trends and correlates 2015-2021(2022-06) Balio, Casey P.; Taylor, Heather L.; Robertson, Ashley S.; Menachemi, NirIn this study, we provide updated information on salaries of academic health administration (HA) faculty members based on data collected in 2015, 2018, and 2021 and examine characteristics associated with earnings. We present mean inflation-adjusted salaries by demographic characteristics, education, experience, productivity, and job activities. We find that salaries of assistant, associate, and full professors have kept up with inflation and there have not been significant changes in salary by any characteristics over time. As in previous iterations of similar survey data, there remain differences in salary by both gender and race. Higher salaries were associated with having a 12-month contract, being tenured or tenure-track, having an administrative position, and being in a department whose focus is not primarily teaching. Findings from our study will be of interest to individuals on the HA job market, hiring committees, and doctoral students preparing for a position after graduation.Item How Has the Pandemic Affected Career Satisfaction and Employment Perceptions of Faculty in Health Administration?(2023) Robertson, Ashley S.; Balio, Casey P.; Taylor, Heather L.; Menachemi, NirEmployee satisfaction has been shown to affect productivity and turnover among faculty in higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic has required significant organizational changes in higher education, including hiring freezes, furloughs, and a rapid move to online teaching. Little is known about the effects of these changes on health administration faculty. Therefore, the current study utilizes data from a national survey of health administration faculty conducted in 2018 and 2021 to perform three analyses: quantification of the proportion of faculty respondents experiencing furloughs or whose depart ments implemented a hiring freeze brought upon by the pandemic; changes in career satisfaction and employment perceptions between the years 2018 and 2021; and a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between furloughs and/ or hiring freezes and 2021 career satisfaction and employment perceptions. Overall, 17.9% experienced a furlough and 81.4% indicated their department had a hiring freeze. We observed no significant changes in career satisfaction or employment perceptions from 2018 to 2021. However, receipt of furloughs was negatively associated with multiple indicators of career satisfaction and employment perceptions. The results of this study will be of interest to health administration program administrators and faculty as well as leaders in higher education who would benefit from understanding the impact of the pandemic on faculty more broadly.Item How not to be 'ghosted' by new or potential hires(Indianapolis Business Journal, 2018-11-15) Malatestinic, Elizabeth L.Item Indiana Probation Officer Professional Development Project: Interview Guide(IU Executive Education, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2017-12) Greenwood, Matthew; Weber, Mary Anna; Johnson, Sara M.; Sundt, JodyThis guide provides information on the design of a structured interview using behavioral based questions aligned to competencies recognized as essential to an Indiana probation officer. The guide discusses the steps involved in an interview process. It also presents a bank of behavior based questions interviewers may wish to use to evaluate candidates for Indiana Probation officer positions. It is organized scientifically to guide the hiring of the most qualified Indiana probation officers in a legally defensible manner. The intention is not to pose every question in this guide to probation officer candidates. Instead, interviewers from each Indiana County may choose the questions from each section that fits their needs.