Browsing by Subject "Eating"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acute Changes in Sleep Duration on Eating Behaviors and Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Overweight/Obese Adults
    (Taylor & Francis, 2015) Hart, Chantelle N.; Carskadon, Mary A.; Demos, Kathryn E.; Van Reen, Eliza; Sharkey, Katherine M.; Raynor, Hollie A.; Considine, Robert V.; Jones, Richard N.; Wing, Rena R.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    There is considerable interest in the role of sleep in weight regulation, yet few studies have examined this relationship in overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults. Using a within-subject, counterbalanced design, 12 OW/OB women were studied in lab with two nights of short (5 hr time in bed [TIB]) and two nights of long (9 hr TIB) sleep. Hunger, consumption at a buffet, and fasting hormone levels were obtained. Significant polysomnographic differences occurred between conditions in total sleep time and sleep architecture (ps < .001). Percent energy from protein at the buffet increased following short sleep. No differences were observed for total energy intake or measured hormones. Further research is needed to determine how lengthening sleep impacts weight regulation in OW/OB adults.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Associations of Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids With Colonic Transit, Fecal Bile Acid, and Food Intake in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2023-01-01) Waseem, Mohammed Ray; Shin, Andrea; Siwiec, Robert; James-Stevenson, Toyia; Bohm, Matthew; Rogers, Nicholas; Wo, John; Waseem, Lina; Gupta, Anita; Jarrett, Megan; Kadariya, Jhalka; Xu, Huiping; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) correlate with colonic transit time (CTT) and may influence irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. However, the clinical significance of fecal SCFAs, relationships between SCFAs and other metabolites (bile acids [BAs]), and real-time diet effects on SCFAs in IBS are uncertain. The aim was to evaluate fecal SCFA associations with IBS phenotype and mechanisms and explore effects of real-time diet. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of fecal SCFA, BAs, and CTT in healthy controls (HCs) and participants with IBS. We compared study end points across groups, analyzed relationships between end points, and evaluated the discriminative ability of SCFAs. Diet effects were explored in participants with dietary data. Results: Among 21 HCs and 43 participants with IBS, fecal SCFAs (total, individual) were inversely correlated with overall (all P < 0.01) and segmental (all P < 0.05) CTT; similar associations were observed within HC and IBS groups. The acetate-to-butyrate ratio correlated with slower overall and left CTT in all and in HCs (both P < 0.01). SCFAs (total, acetate) correlated with BAs (total, % primary) in all participants and in those with IBS with diarrhea. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated associations of acetate with slower transit (odds ratio = 0.988, P = 0.002) and BA diarrhea (BAD; odds ratio = 1.014, P = 0.001). Acetate accurately predicted delayed CTT (area under the receiving operating characteristic curve = 0.84) and BAD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.79). Adjusting for diet strengthened correlations of total SCFAs with overall CTT ( R = [-0.46], P = 0.04) and SCFAs with transverse CTT (all P < 0.05). Discussion: Fecal SCFAs correlate with CTT and fecal BAs and reliably exclude delayed CTT and BAD. Accounting for diet strengthens SCFA associations with transit.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Comparison of Dietary Intake Between Individuals Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis in the United Kingdom and China
    (Elsevier, 2022-03) Song, Yan; March, Daniel S.; Biruete, Annabel; Kistler, Brandon M.; Nixon, Daniel D. G.; Highton, Patrick J.; Vogt, Barbara P.; Ruddock, Nicola; Wilund, Kenneth R.; Smith, Alice C.; Burton, James O.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    OBJECTIVE: Protein-energy wasting is highly prevalent in people with end-stage kidney disease receiving regular hemodialysis. Currently, it is unclear what the optimal nutritional recommendations are, which is further complicated by differences in dietary patterns between countries. The aim of the study was to understand and compare dietary intake between individuals receiving hemodialysis in Leicester, UK and Nantong, China. METHODS: The study assessed 40 UK and 44 Chinese participants' dietary intake over a period of 14 days using 24-hour diet recall interviews. Nutritional blood parameters were obtained from medical records. Food consumed by participants in the UK and China was analyzed using the Nutritics and Nutrition calculator to quantify nutritional intake. RESULTS: Energy and protein intake were comparable between UK and Chinese participants, but with both below the recommended daily intake. Potassium intake was higher in UK participants compared to Chinese participants (2,115 [888] versus 1,159 [861] mg/d; P < .001), as was calcium (618 [257] versus 360 [312] mg/d; P < .001) and phosphate intake (927 [485] versus 697 [434] mg/d; P = .007). Vitamin C intake was lower in UK participants compared to their Chinese counterparts (39 [51] versus 64 [42] mg/d; P = .024). Data are reported here as median (interquartile range). CONCLUSION: Both UK and Chinese hemodialysis participants have insufficient protein and energy in their diet. New strategies are required to increase protein and energy intakes. All participants had inadequate daily intake of vitamins C and D; there may well be a role in the oral supplementation of these vitamins, and further studies are urgently needed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Depressive Symptoms and Eating Behaviors: Do Atypical Symptoms Drive Associations with Food Attentional Bias, Emotional Eating, and External Eating?
    (2019-05) Shell, Aubrey L.; Stewart, Jesse C.; Hirsh, Adam T.; Cyders, Melissa A.; Guare, John C.
    Depression is an emerging risk factor for obesity; however, it is unclear whether certain depressive symptoms drive this relationship. Recent evidence suggests that atypical major depressive disorder (MDD) – whose key features include the reversed somatic-vegetative symptoms of hyperphagia (increased appetite) and hypersomnia (increased sleep) – is a stronger predictor of future obesity than other MDD subtypes. The present study sought to examine food attentional bias (increased attention to food cues), emotional eating (eating in response to negative emotions), and external eating (eating in response to external food cues) as candidate mechanisms of the depression-to-obesity relationship. This cross-sectional laboratory study hypothesized that total depressive symptom severity, hyperphagia severity, and hypersomnia severity would all be positively associated with measures of food attentional bias, emotional eating, and external eating. Data were collected from a sample of 95 undergraduate students. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-20); two measures of food attentional bias were obtained from eye tracking with high calorie food images: direction bias and duration bias; and emotional eating and external eating were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Simultaneous regression models (adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and subjective hunger) revealed total depressive symptom severity and hypersomnia severity were not associated with measures of food attentional bias, while hyperphagia severity was negatively associated with direction bias but not associated with duration bias for high and low calorie food images. Findings related to emotional and external eating are consistent with previous literature: total depressive symptom severity and hyperphagia severity were positively associated with both emotional eating and external eating, and the pattern of results suggests that hyperphagia may be driving relationships between depressive symptoms and these eating behaviors. Hypersomnia severity was not associated with emotional eating and external eating, suggesting this symptom does not play an important role in the relationships between depressive symptoms and these eating behaviors. Future studies should examine prospective associations of hyperphagia severity with food attentional bias, emotional eating, and external eating in larger, more representative samples.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Gut Reaction: Habitual Dietary Nitrate Intake as a Modulator of Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function
    (Elsevier, 2021) Yates, Brandon A.; Coggan, Andrew R.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Investigating Gene-Diet Interactions Impacting the Association Between Macronutrient Intake and Glycemic Traits
    (American Diabetes Association, 2023) Westerman, Kenneth E.; Walker, Maura E.; Gaynor, Sheila M.; Wessel, Jennifer; DiCorpo, Daniel; Ma, Jiantao; Alonso, Alvaro; Aslibekyan, Stella; Baldridge, Abigail S.; Bertoni, Alain G.; Biggs, Mary L.; Brody, Jennifer A.; Chen, Yii-Der Ida; Dupuis, Joseé; Goodarzi, Mark O.; Guo, Xiuqing; Hasbani, Natalie R.; Heath, Adam; Hidalgo, Bertha; Irvin, Marguerite R.; Johnson, W. Craig; Kalyani, Rita R.; Lange, Leslie; Lemaitre, Rozenn N.; Liu, Ching-Ti; Liu, Simin; Moon, Jee-Young; Nassir, Rami; Pankow, James S.; Pettinger, Mary; Raffield, Laura M.; Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J.; Selvin, Elizabeth; Senn, Mackenzie K.; Shadyab, Aladdin H.; Smith, Albert V.; Smith, Nicholas L.; Steffen, Lyn; Talegakwar, Sameera; Taylor, Kent D.; de Vries, Paul S.; Wilson, James G.; Wood, Alexis C.; Yanek, Lisa R.; Yao, Jie; Zheng, Yinan; Boerwinkle, Eric; Morrison, Alanna C.; Fornage, Miriam; Russell, Tracy P.; Psaty, Bruce M.; Levy, Daniel; Heard-Costa, Nancy L.; Ramachandran, Vasan S.; Mathias, Rasika A.; Arnett, Donna K.; Kaplan, Robert; North, Kari E.; Correa, Adolfo; Carson, April; Rotter, Jerome I.; Rich, Stephen S.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Reiner, Alexander P.; Kooperberg, Charles; Florez, Jose C.; Meigs, James B.; Merino, Jordi; Tobias, Deirdre K.; Chen, Han; Manning, Alisa K.; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Few studies have demonstrated reproducible gene-diet interactions (GDIs) impacting metabolic disease risk factors, likely due in part to measurement error in dietary intake estimation and insufficient capture of rare genetic variation. We aimed to identify GDIs across the genetic frequency spectrum impacting the macronutrient-glycemia relationship in genetically and culturally diverse cohorts. We analyzed 33,187 participants free of diabetes from 10 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program cohorts with whole-genome sequencing, self-reported diet, and glycemic trait data. We fit cohort-specific, multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models for the effect of diet, modeled as an isocaloric substitution of carbohydrate for fat, and its interactions with common and rare variants genome-wide. In main effect meta-analyses, participants consuming more carbohydrate had modestly lower glycemic trait values (e.g., for glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], -0.013% HbA1c/250 kcal substitution). In GDI meta-analyses, a common African ancestry-enriched variant (rs79762542) reached study-wide significance and replicated in the UK Biobank cohort, indicating a negative carbohydrate-HbA1c association among major allele homozygotes only. Simulations revealed that >150,000 samples may be necessary to identify similar macronutrient GDIs under realistic assumptions about effect size and measurement error. These results generate hypotheses for further exploration of modifiable metabolic disease risk in additional cohorts with African ancestry. Article highlights: We aimed to identify genetic modifiers of the dietary macronutrient-glycemia relationship using whole-genome sequence data from 10 Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program cohorts. Substitution models indicated a modest reduction in glycemia associated with an increase in dietary carbohydrate at the expense of fat. Genome-wide interaction analysis identified one African ancestry-enriched variant near the FRAS1 gene that may interact with macronutrient intake to influence hemoglobin A1c. Simulation-based power calculations accounting for measurement error suggested that substantially larger sample sizes may be necessary to discover further gene-macronutrient interactions.