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Browsing by Subject "E. faecalis"
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Item Antibacterial efficacy of 0.12-percent and 2.0-percent chlorhexidine gluconate at 37˚C and 46˚C against enterococcus faecalis(2010) Thiessen, Craig B.D., 1978-; Vail, Mychel Macapagal, 1969-; Spolnik, Kenneth Jacob, 1950-; Zunt, Susan L., 1951-; Gregory, Richard L.; Legan, Joseph J.The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of 0.12-percent and 2.0-percent chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from dentinal tubules, and whether this antibacterial effect was enhanced by heat. To date there have been no published articles that describe the heating of 2.0-percent CHX and its antimicrobial efficacy and clinical relevance towards E. faecalis within dentinal tubules in root canal systems. Ninety-five human extracted, single rooted, maxillary, anterior teeth were used to prepare dentin disk specimens. After proper sterilization, a 2.5-mm ISO-sized diameter lumen was prepared, and then the canals were filled with brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth infected with E. faecalis. The BHI was removed and the specimens in equally divided groups were rinsed with sterile saline and filled with saline, or 0.12 percent CHX or 2.0 percent CHX at ambient temperature (24°C) or experimental temperature (46°C) and incubated at oral temperature (37°C) or the experimental temperature (46°C), respectively. The specimens were frozen to -70˚C and pulverized in liquid nitrogen. Serial dilutions were prepared of 1:100 and 1:1000 and spiral plated on BHI agar plates in duplicate. They were incubated, and the number of bacterial colonies was recorded 24 hours later for data analysis. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with factors for solution, solution temperature, and the solution-by-temperature interaction was used to determine antibacterial efficacy. Pair-wise comparisons between groups were examined for significance using the Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Differences Method. The E. faecalis CFU were log-transformed to satisfy the assumptions required for the ANOVA. The results of this investigation demonstrated no statistically significant difference with the addition of heat to either test irrigation solution regarding the elimination of E. faecalis from dentinal tubules within the root canal system. There was a statistically significant difference in the antibacterial efficacy of CHX against E. faecalis in comparison with the concentration tested. A higher concentration of 2.0-percent CHX demonstrated a significantly higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis compared with 0.12-percent CHX, and likewise with the saline control. It can be concluded that the use of a higher concentration of 2.0-percent CHX is advantageous as a final irrigation solution after copious amounts of NaOCl and EDTA have been utilized for effective antimicrobial efficacy and substantivity.Item An In-Vitro Comparison of Microleakage With E. faecalis In Teeth With Root-End Fillings of Proroot MTA and Brasseler's EndoSequence Root Repair Putty(2011) Brasseale, Beau J. (Beau John), 1980-; Spolnik, Kenneth Jacob, 1950-; Vail, Mychel Macapagal, 1969-; Legan, Joseph J.; Zunt, Susan L., 1951-; Moore, B. Keith; Gregory, Richard L.Brasseler USA (Savannah, GA) developed and introduced a bioceramic putty called EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) that can be used as a retrofilling material for surgical endodontics. The material is said to have many of the same chemical, physical, and biological properties as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), but with superior handling characteristics. The material is composed of calcium silicates, monobasic calcium phosphate, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, proprietary fillers, and thickening agents. ERRM is said by the manufacturer to bond to adjacent dentin, have no shrinkage, be highly biocompatible, hydrophilic, radiopaque, and antibacterial due to a high pH during setting. Investigations on the sealing properties of this material have not yet been conducted. The purpose of this study was to compare the microbial leakage of Enterococcus faecalis in teeth with root-end fillings using ProRoot MTA and Brasseler’s ERRM in a dual-chamber bacterial leakage model as described by Torabinejad and colleagues. The aim of this investigation was to compare the bacterial microleakage of these two root-end filling materials exists. Sixty-two human, single-rooted, mandibular premolars in which extraction was indicated were accessed and instrumented in an orthograde fashion with hand and rotary files. Root resection of the apical 3 mm was then completed and root-end retropreparations were created for placement of root-end filling material. Twenty-seven of these premolars had root-end fillings using ProRoot MTA and 27 had root-end fillings using ERRM. Two teeth were used as a positive control group with no root-end filling, and two other teeth were used as a negative control group and were sealed and coated with dentin bonding agent. The teeth were then evaluated for microleakage using a dual-chamber bacterial microleakage model for 40 days as described by Torabinejad and colleagues. Microleakage was determined by the presence of turbidity in the lower chamber of the apparatus and was assessed each day. Fresh samples of E. faecalis were used every three days to inoculate the apparatus and serve as a bacterial challenge for the materials. Results were recorded every day for 30 days. The outcome of interest (bacterial turbidity) and time-to-leakage (in days) were determined for each of the samples. Survival analysis was used to compare the two groups with a Kaplan-Meier plot to visualize the results and a nonparametric log-rank test for the group comparison. The microleakage of ERRM was not statistically different (p > 0.05) than leakage of ProRoot MTA when subjected to E. faecalis over the 40 day observation period. Both groups had a small number of early failures (within 4 days) and no leakage was observed for the remaining 40 days of the study. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. The results of this research support the use of either of these two materials when compared with the controls. The microleakage of Brasseler’s EndoSequence Root Repair Material was at least as good as ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate when tested with E. faecalis.