Browsing by Subject "Domestic violence"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    A commentary on domestic firearm violence against women (2018–2021)
    (Elsevier, 2024-02-20) Schutzman, Linda M.; Jenkins, Peter C.; Surgery, School of Medicine
    The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed some of our best and worst qualities as a country. This commentary on “Domestic Firearm Violence Against Women (2018-2021)” discusses weaknesses in federal legislation and proposes ways for states to fill these gaps.
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    Domestic violence and empowerment : a national study of scheduled caste women in India
    (2017-03-17) Khandare, Lalit P.; Adamek, Margaret E.; Bansod, Dhananjay W.; Brown, James R.; Brown, Kevin D.; Reza, Hasan
    Domestic violence (DV) in India is one of the most alarming issues that is experienced by over one-third (36.6%) of non-Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe (non SC/ST) women and nearly half (48%) of Scheduled Caste (SC) women (ages 15-49). DV and women’s empowerment are historically interlinked. The patriarchy embedded within social-cultural norms along with economic capability deprivation takes away the freedom of SC women to enjoy bodily safety in public and private spaces. Despite Constitutional measures, SC women continue to face violence-induced capability deprivation due to discrimination at three levels: caste, class, and gender. DV against SC women is an understudied area; there are scarcely any studies on DV in this population using national data. This research used data from the National Family Health Survey-III 2005-2006 (N = 12,069-SC women and N = 45,390- non-SC/ST women). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine DV trends amongst SC and non-SC/ST women. Contrary to the study’s hypothesis, having better empowerment (household-autonomy, healthcare decision-making, sexual-autonomy) increased the likelihood of women experiencing DV. However, the hypothesis relating to economic empowerment and autonomy was supported showing a reduced likelihood of DV. SC women were empowered when they had the capability to earn wages; however, they had no instrumental freedom to spend their own earnings. Similarly, empowerment indicators were shown to impact the likelihood of justifying the violence shaping women’s gender norms and attitudes. When compared with non-SC/ST, SC women who have economic and healthcare autonomy had lower odds of justifying DV. Exposure to DV in childhood, early marriage, and husbands’ alcohol abuse significantly enhanced the likelihood of DV. Across most of the indicators, the intensity of DV amongst SC women was relatively higher than non-SC/ST women. The findings emphasize the need for social work practice and policy to focus not only on empowering women in terms on economic and material well-being through ownership, but also assessing if this ownership have instrumental value in practice without the threat of DV. Future research can enhance understanding of DV by examining social exclusion, socio-cultural patriarchy, and the intersectionality of caste, class, gender, and other individualist and community factors.
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    Feminist Informed Art Therapy Program for Survivors of Domestic Violence
    (2020) Wheat, Lexie; Leigh, Heather
    This study used an integrative literature review to connect the topics of domestic violence against women, feminist theory, and art therapy as a foundation for creating a feminist-informed art therapy program for women survivors of domestic violence. The theoretical integration of feminist perspective and art therapy for the treatment of domestic violence is not currently found in the literature. Since domestic violence is a systemic, gender-based issue, a feminist approach to survivors' mental health would be beneficial, given its understanding that social injustices have a significant impact on an individual's well-being. Art therapy additionally provides a non-verbal, non-threatening form of treatment that aids in self-expression and processing of traumatic experiences. Three key feminist principles provide a framework for the proposed program: (1) the personal is political and critical consciousness, (2) a focus on strengths, and (3) commitment to social change. Services include individual and group art therapy sessions, proposed for a domestic violence shelter. While the program is designed for survivors of domestic violence, a feminist-informed art therapy program will aid in the trauma-based stages of recovery and can be used for situations of sexual assault, stalking, or any other violence against women.
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    Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Assault, and Child Abuse Resource Utilization During COVID-19
    (Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 2022-07-11) Pallansch, Jennifer; Milam, Claire; Ham, Kendra; Morgan, Patricia; Manning, John; Salzman, Jessica; Kopec, Kathryn; Lewis, Margaret; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Key measures in preventing spread of the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are social distancing and stay-at-home mandates. These measures along with other stressors have the potential to increase incidences of intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual assault, and child maltreatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of county police dispatches, emergency department (ED) visits, Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) consults, Domestic Violence Healthcare Project (DVHP) team consults, and Child Protection Team consults at a large, tertiary, Level I trauma center. We queried International Classification of Diseases Revision 10 codes most specific to IPV, sexual assault, and child maltreatment from March-October 2020 compared to 2019. Similarly, the number of consults performed by SANE, DVHP, and our Child Protection Team were collected. We compared all ED visits and consultations to total ED visits for the reviewed time period. Finally, the total number of calls and referrals to a child advocacy center and resource call line for victims were recorded during this timeframe. Results: Police dispatches for IPV-related assaults increased by 266 reports from 2019 to 2020 (P = 0.015). Emergency department visits related to IPV increased from 0.11% of visits in 2019 to 0.15% in 2020 (P = 0.032), and DVHP consults increased from 0.31% in 2019 to 0.48% in 2020 of ED visits in the first three months (P < 0.001). Child maltreatment visits increased from 0.47% of visits in 2019 to 0.81% of visits in 2020 (P = 0.028), and a higher percentage of patients required Child Protection team consults from 1% in 2019 to 1.6% in 2020 (P = 0.004). Sexual assault-related visits and SANE consults both showed a small increase that was not statistically significant. Fewer calls and referrals were made to our child advocacy center and resource call line, decreasing by 99 referrals and 252 calls, respectively. Conclusion: Despite decreased ED volumes throughout the pandemic, we observed an increase in police dispatches, ED visits, and utilization of hospital consult services related to IPV and child maltreatment following the initiation of stay-at-home orders. However, use of community resources, such as the local child advocacy center, declined.
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    Three essays on the impact of political and economic shocks during childhood on health outcomes : evidence from developing countries
    (2016-11-07) Hawash, Ronia Ahmed; Royalty, Anne; Osili, Una; Gupta, Sumedha; Wessel, Jennifer
    The dissertation consists of three essays which attempt to capture causal relationships between shocks during childhood and before birth, and later health outcomes. Exogenous shocks such as the experiences of war and political upheaval are treated as natural experiments which minimize problems of endogeneity and selection that are present in most association studies. The first essay examines how exposure to civil war during childhood affects females’ outcomes including age at first marriage, fertility, and second generation infant mortality using the Biafra war which took place in Nigeria between years 1967 and 1970. The study uses difference-in-difference analysis to show that females that witnessed war during early adolescence got married younger than their peers not exposed to the war, and were more likely to have higher fertility and second-generation infant mortality. The second essay uses the same shock, the Biafra war, to test if males’ and females’ exposure to community-level violence results in higher risk of experiencing domestic violence in their marital relationships in the long-run. The study conducts difference-in-difference analysis on females and males separately to show that the males’ exposure to the war at ages 13 and older is the main mechanism behind females being victims of domestic violence in the long-run. The third essay examines the impact of acute prenatal stress on birth weight using the 2011 Egyptian revolution fatalities as an indicator for exposure to violence and stressful events. Results show that higher prenatal stress resulting from political conflict during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy has a significant negative impact on birth weight. This finding is robust to restricting the sample to siblings’ data and using mother fixed effects, suggesting that neither observable nor unobservable characteristics of mothers are driving the results.