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Browsing by Subject "Dietary fiber"
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Item Decreased microbial co-occurrence network stability and SCFA receptor level correlates with obesity in African-origin women(Nature Research, 2018-11-20) Dugas, Lara R.; Bernabé, Beatriz Peñalver; Priyadarshini, Medha; Fei, Na; Park, Seo Jin; Brown, Laquita; Plange-Rhule, Jacob; Nelson, David; Toh, Evelyn C.; Gao, Xiang; Dong, Qunfeng; Sun, Jun; Kliethermes, Stephanie; Gottel, Neil; Luke, Amy; Gilbert, Jack A.; Layden, Brian T.; Microbiology and Immunology, School of MedicineWe compared the gut microbial populations in 100 women, from rural Ghana and urban US [50% lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 50% obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)] to examine the ecological co-occurrence network topology of the gut microbiota as well as the relationship of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with obesity. Ghanaians consumed significantly more dietary fiber, had greater microbial alpha-diversity, different beta-diversity, and had a greater concentration of total fecal SCFAs (p-value < 0.002). Lean Ghanaians had significantly greater network density, connectivity and stability than either obese Ghanaians, or lean and obese US participants (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p-value ≤ 0.01). Bacteroides uniformis was significantly more abundant in lean women, irrespective of country (FDR corrected p < 0.001), while lean Ghanaians had a significantly greater proportion of Ruminococcus callidus, Prevotella copri, and Escherichia coli, and smaller proportions of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. Lean Ghanaians had a significantly greater abundance of predicted microbial genes that catalyzed the production of butyric acid via the fermentation of pyruvate or branched amino-acids, while obese Ghanaians and US women (irrespective of BMI) had a significantly greater abundance of predicted microbial genes that encoded for enzymes associated with the fermentation of amino-acids such as alanine, aspartate, lysine and glutamate. Similar to lean Ghanaian women, mice humanized with stool from the lean Ghanaian participant had a significantly lower abundance of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, and were resistant to obesity following 6-weeks of high fat feeding (p-value < 0.01). Obesity-resistant mice also showed increased intestinal transcriptional expression of the free fatty acid (Ffa) receptor Ffa2, in spite of similar fecal SCFAs concentrations. We demonstrate that the association between obesity resistance and increased predicted ecological connectivity and stability of the lean Ghanaian microbiota, as well as increased local SCFA receptor level, provides evidence of the importance of robust gut ecologic network in obesity.Item The Dietary Fiber Inulin Slows Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) in a Rat Model of CKD(Oxford University Press, 2023-12-07) Biruete, Annabel; Chen, Neal X.; Metzger, Corinne E.; Srinivasan, Shruthi; O’Neill, Kalisha; Fallen, Paul B.; Fonseca, Austin; Wilson, Hannah E.; de Loor, Henriette; Evenepoel, Pieter; Swanson, Kelly S.; Allen, Matthew R.; Moe, Sharon M.; Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of MedicineChronic kidney disease (CKD)–mineral bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) leads to fractures and cardiovascular disease. Observational studies suggest beneficial effects of dietary fiber on both bone and cardiovascular outcomes, but the effect of fiber on CKD‐MBD is unknown. To determine the effect of fiber on CKD‐MBD, we fed the Cy/+ rat with progressive CKD a casein‐based diet of 0.7% phosphate with 10% inulin (fermentable fiber) or cellulose (non‐fermentable fiber) from 22 weeks to either 30 or 32 weeks of age (~30% and ~15% of normal kidney function; CKD 4 and 5). We assessed CKD‐MBD end points of biochemistry, bone quantity and quality, cardiovascular health, and cecal microbiota and serum gut‐derived uremic toxins. Results were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the main effects of CKD stage and inulin, and their interaction. The results showed that in CKD animals, inulin did not alter kidney function but reduced the increase from stage 4 to 5 in serum levels of phosphate and parathyroid hormone, but not fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF23). Bone turnover and cortical bone parameters were similarly improved but mechanical properties were not altered. Inulin slowed progression of aorta and cardiac calcification, left ventricular mass index, and fibrosis. To understand the mechanism, we assessed intestinal microbiota and found changes in alpha and beta diversity and significant changes in several taxa with inulin, together with a reduction in circulating gut derived uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and short‐chain fatty acids. In conclusion, the addition of the fermentable fiber inulin to the diet of CKD rats led to a slowed progression of CKD‐MBD without affecting kidney function, likely mediated by changes in the gut microbiota composition and lowered gut‐derived uremic toxins.