Browsing by Subject "Depressive symptoms"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Are there gender, racial or relationship differences in caregiver task difficulty, depressive symptoms and life changes among stroke family caregivers?
    (Taylor & Francis, 2015) Jessup, Nenette M.; Bakas, Tamilyn; McLennon, Susan M.; Weaver, Michael T.; IU School of Nursing
    OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in caregiver perceptions of task difficulty, depressive symptoms and life changes based on caregiver characteristics of gender, race and type of relationship to the person with stroke. METHODS: A sample of 243 stroke caregivers (females n = 191; males n = 52; non-African Americans n = 184; African Americans n = 59; non-spouses n = 127; spouses n = 116) were interviewed by telephone within 8 weeks of the survivor's discharge to home. Measures included the Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale (OCBS) for task difficulty, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms and Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) for life changes. Three general linear models computed differences in OCBS, PHQ9 and OCBS scores. RESULTS: Significant differences were found on the OCBS for females (p < 0.001) and African American spouses (p < 0.048); on the PHQ9 for females (p < 0.001), non-African Americans (p = 0.047), spouses (p = 0.003) and African-American spouses (p = 0.010); and on the BCOS for females (p = 0.008) and non-African Americans (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that female and non-African American stroke caregivers are relatively more likely to experience task difficulty, depressive symptoms and negative life changes as a result of providing care. African American spouses were also at risk. Tailoring interventions based on caregivers' characteristics may improve outcomes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Cancer worry and its impact on self-reported depressive symptoms among adult males and females in the US: a nationwide sample study
    (Springer Nature, 2024-01-08) Mamudu, Lohuwa; Li, Jinyi; McEligot, Archana J.; Wood, Michele; Rusmevichientong, Pimbucha; Tetteh‑Bator, Erasmus; Soale, Abdul‑Nasah; Fortenberry, James D.; Williams, Faustine; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Objective: With cancer the second deadliest disease in the world, worry about cancer can have mental health or psychiatric implications. This study examines the prevalence, differences, and influence of cancer worry (CW), its interaction effect with age, and other confounders on self-reported depressive symptoms (SRDS) among adult males and females in the US. Methods: We utilized a nationally representative sample data of 2,950 individuals (males = 1,276; females = 1,674) from Cycle 4 of the Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (HINTS 5) 2020. Using frequencies, bivariate chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression, we examined the prevalence, difference, and association of CW with SRDS, adjusting for confounders. Results: The prevalence rate of SRDS was found to be 32% among females and 23.5% among males. Among individuals with CW, females had a higher prevalence of SRDS compared to males (40.5% vs. 35.1%). However, there was a significant difference in the likelihood of experiencing SRDS between males and females with CW, with males having 84% increased risk compared to females. Across all age groups, the multivariate analysis of the relationship between CW and SRDS revealed that both males and females showed a significantly decreased likelihood of SRDS compared to those aged 18-34 years. However, males aged 35 years or older exhibited an even more pronounced decrease in likelihood compared to females in the same age group. Nonetheless, when examining the interaction of age and CW, we observed a significantly increased likelihood of SRDS across all age groups. Males, in particular, had a higher increased likelihood of SRDS compared to females across all ages, except for those aged 75 years and older. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the significant influence of CW on individuals' SRDS and the modifying effect of age, particularly among males. These results are important for a better understanding of the risk of CW on mental health, which can be a preventive strategy or control mechanism.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Depressive Symptoms following Recent Sexual Assault: The Role of Drug and Alcohol Use, Acute Stress, and Assault Characteristics
    (SAGE Publications, 2018-10-24) Dir, Allyson L.; Hahn, Christine; Jaffe, Anna E.; Stanton, Kimberly; Gilmore, Amanda K.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Sexual assault is a common traumatic experience that can have a wide-ranging impact on psychological functioning, including experience of depressive symptoms. While many studies have examined lifetime rates of depression among those with sexual assault history, less is known regarding risk factors for depressive symptoms following recent sexual assault. The study examined whether drug use history is uniquely related to depressive symptoms following recent assault. Method: N = 65 individuals (5.4% female; 73.8% white; M(SD)age = 28.89 (10.29)) who had recently experienced sexual assault (less than 60 days) and completed a SAMFE were interviewed via phone and completed questionnaires regarding depressive and acute/posttraumatic stress symptoms and substance use history. Demographic information as well as information related to the assault was also collected. Results: 68.7% of the sample reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores ≥ 12). In a linear mixed model, drug use was significantly related depressive symptoms (β = .19, p = .04), even controlling for acute/posttraumatic stress (β = .72, p < .01) and other variables. Individuals who identified as white reported more severe depressive symptoms (β = .19, p = .02). Forced sexual assault (β = −.07), victim-perpetrator relationship (β = −.01), alcohol misuse (β = −.06), and days since assault (β = −.08) were not significantly related to depressive symptoms (p’s>.05). Conclusion: Results highlight the potential role of drug use in increasing risk for experiencing clinically significant depressive symptoms following recent assault.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, and alcohol use: differences based on gender and posttraumatic stress disorder in emerging adults
    (Springer, 2024) Danielson, Carla Kmett; Hahn, Austin M.; Bountress, Kaitlin E.; Gilmore, Amanda K.; Roos, Lydia; Adams, Zachary W.; Kirby, Charli M.; Amstadter, Ananda B.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Trauma exposure and alcohol use often co-occur. Unveiling predictors of drinking behavior, including among those with varying levels of trauma exposure, can inform behavioral health prevention and treatment efforts in at-risk populations. The current study examined associations between depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, gender, and alcohol use among emerging adults with and without trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were 238 emerging adults between the ages of 21 and 30 years (M = 24.75; SD = 2.61) in one of three groups: trauma-exposed with PTSD (n = 70); trauma-exposed with no PTSD (n = 83); or a no trauma (control) group (n = 85). Demographics, parental alcohol problems, depressive symptoms, and avoidant coping were examined as predictors of drinks per drinking day. Chi-square, t-test, bivariate, and group path analysis were conducted. Among participants, men consumed greater amounts of alcohol than women across all three groups. Group assignment based on trauma history and PTSD significantly moderated the association between avoidant coping and alcohol use such that avoidant coping had a significant effect on alcohol use among participants in the trauma-exposed and PTSD groups. There was also a significant group × gender × avoidant coping interaction such that, among participants in the control group, men had attenuated alcohol use at low levels of avoidant coping and increased at high levels of avoidant coping. No effects of race were observed. Results highlight the importance of avoidant coping as a risk factor for problematic drinking, unveiling a specific intervention target for reducing co-occurring PTSD and problematic alcohol use.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Fear of Palliative Care: Roles of Age and Depression Severity
    (Mary Ann Liebert, 2022) Alonzi, Sarah; Perry, Laura M.; Lewson, Ashley B.; Mossman, Brenna; Silverstein, Madison W.; Hoerger, Michael; Psychology, School of Science
    Background: Palliative care is underutilized due in part to fear and misunderstanding, and depression might explain variation in fear of palliative care. Objective: Informed by the socioemotional selectivity theory, we hypothesized that older adults with cancer would be less depressed than younger adults, and subsequently less fearful of utilizing palliative care. Setting/Subjects: Patients predominately located in the United States with heterogeneous cancer diagnoses (n = 1095) completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) Depression scale and rated their fear of palliative care using the Palliative Care Attitudes Scale (PCAS). We examined the hypothesized intercorrelations, followed by a bootstrapped analysis of indirect effects in the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: Participants ranged from 26 to 93 years old (mean [M] = 60.40, standard deviation = 11.45). The most common diagnoses were prostate (34.1%), breast (23.3%), colorectal (17.5%), skin (15.3%), and lung (13.5%) cancer. As hypothesized, older participants had lower depression severity (r = −0.20, p < 0.001) and were less fearful of palliative care (r = −0.11, p < 0.001). Participants who were more depressed were more fearful of palliative care (r = 0.21, p < 0.001). An indirect effect (β = −0.04, standard error = .01, 95% confidence interval: −0.06 to −0.02) suggested that depression severity may account for up to 40% of age-associated differences in fear of palliative care. Conclusions: Findings indicate that older adults with cancer are more likely to favor palliative care, with depression symptom severity accounting for age-related differences. Targeted interventions among younger patients with depressive symptoms may be helpful to reduce fear and misunderstanding and increase utilization of palliative care.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Late Life Depression is Associated with Reduced Cortical Amyloid Burden: Findings from the ADNI Depression Project
    (Elsevier, 2021) Mackin, R. Scott; Insel, Philip S.; Landau, Susan; Bickford, David; Morin, Ruth; Rhodes, Emma; Tosun, Duygu; Rosen, Howie J.; Butters, Meryl; Aisen, Paul; Raman, Rema; Saykin, Andrew; Toga, Arthur; Jack, Clifford, Jr.; Koeppe, Robert; Weiner, Michael W.; Nelson, Craig; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative & the ADNI Depression Project; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Background: We evaluated the role of cortical amyloid deposition as a factor contributing to memory dysfunction and increased risk of dementia associated with late-life depression (LLD). Methods: A total of 119 older adult participants with a current diagnosis of major depression (LLD) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Depression Project study and 119 nondepressed (ND) cognitively unimpaired participants matched on age, sex, and APOE genotype were obtained from the ADNI database. Results: Thirty-three percent of LLD participants met ADNI criteria for mild cognitive impairment. Compared with ND individuals, the LLD group exhibited less global amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation (p = .05). The proportion of amyloid positivity in the LLD group was 19.3% compared with 31.1% for the ND participants (p = .02). Among LLD participants, global Aβ was not associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes, lifetime length of depression, length of lifetime selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use, or lifetime length of untreated depression (p > .21 for all). Global Aβ was associated with worse memory performance (p = .05). Similar results were found in secondary analyses restricting comparisons to the cognitively unimpaired LLD participants as well as when comparing the LLD group with an ND group that included participants with mild cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Contrary to expectation, the LLD group showed less Aβ deposition than the ND group and Aβ deposition was not associated with depression history characteristics. Aβ was associated with memory, but this relationship did not differ between LLD and ND. Our results suggest that memory deficits and accelerated cognitive decline reported in previous studies of LLD are not due to greater cortical Aβ accumulation.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms and Symptom Clusters in US Military Personnel: The Longitudinal Effects of General Self-Efficacy and Meaning in Life
    (2022-08) Fischer, Ian C.; Rand, Kevin L; Davis, Louanne W; Cyders, Melissa A; Salyers, Michelle P
    US military personnel often experience ongoing distress after being exposed to traumatic events, and many develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Both general theories of stress and coping and cognitive theories of PTSD suggest that traumatic events give rise to distress by negatively influencing important beliefs and goals related to the self, other people, and the world. According to these theories, more positive belief- and goal-systems are associated with less severe symptoms of distress. Two constructs that tap into these systems are general self-efficacy and subjective meaning in life. The overall goal of the current study was to examine the ways general self-efficacy and subjective meaning in life relate to posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters in US military personnel, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Data from a VA-funded intervention study (n = 191) were examined. Results demonstrated that meaning in life is consistently associated with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and symptom clusters cross-sectionally, whereas general self-efficacy is only associated with some aspects of depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analyses further revealed that meaning in life is associated with the Cluster D symptoms of PTSD and the cognitive-affective symptoms of depression. Interpretations, possible explanations, implications, and future directions are provided. Continued research in this area may identify important targets for treatment that enhance ongoing efforts to facilitate recovery from trauma.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Predictors of sexual function among men after myocardial infarction: a pilot study
    (Mark Allen Group, 2021) Smith, Asa B.; Barton, Debra L.; Jackson, Elizabeth A.; Wittmann, Daniela; Smith, Jacqui; Davis, Matthew; School of Nursing
    Background: Sexual dysfunction often persists among men post-myocardial infarction (MI). While some cross-sectional and longitudinal research has been conducted, there are still no known modifiable targets for intervention. This pilot study aimed to model hypothesized predictive factors of higher sexual function in a cohort of men post-MI. Methods: In a longitudinal study design, sexual function (Male Sexual Function Index), sexual fear (Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), and utilization of coping strategies (Coping Strategy Indicator) data were collected at two weeks and three months post discharge for MI. Spearman correlations were estimated to examine associations among MSFI scores with the selected predictors at two weeks and three months. Linear regression models were conducted for sexual function while controlling for age. Results: Fourteen men post-MI were analyzed. The average age of the sample was 59.79 years, 78.6% were married, and all were self-reported White race. Sexual fear and utilization of problem-solving and support-seeking coping strategies were moderately correlated with MSFI scores at three months. Increased use of problem-solving and support-seeking coping strategies were associated with increased sexual function at three months (support-seeking coping 1.47, p<0.01; problem-solving coping 0.95, p=0.02). Conclusions: Based on these preliminary findings, utilization of coping strategies may predict increased function score over three months. However, additional studies are needed to further examine these hypothesized relationships with a larger more diverse sample. Additional studies are needed of predictors of sexual function among women post-MI.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Social Cognitive Processing in Partners of Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors
    (Oncology Nursing Society, 2017-01) Cohee, Andrea A.; Adams, Rebecca N.; Fife, Betsy L.; Von Ah, Diane M.; Monahan, Patrick O.; Zoppi, Kathleen A.; Cella, David; Champion, Victoria L.; IU School of Nursing
    Purpose/Objectives: To determine 1) if depressive symptoms in partners of long-term breast cancer survivors (BCS) could be predicted by social cognitive processing theory, and 2) if partners of younger and older breast cancer survivors were differentially affected by the cancer experience. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study utilizing self-report questionnaires. Setting: Indiana University and 97 ECOG-ACRIN sites. Sample: Partners of breast cancer survivors (n=508) diagnosed 3-8 years prior. Methods: Secondary data mediation analyses were conducted to determine if cognitive processing mediated the relationship between social constraints and depressive symptoms. Age-related differences on all scales were tested. Main Research Variables: Depressive symptoms; secondary variables included social constraints, cognitive processing (avoidance and intrusive thoughts), and potentially confounding variables. Findings: Cognitive processing mediated the relationship between social constraints and depressive symptoms for partners (F(5,498)= 19.911, R2=.167, p<.001). Partners of young BCS reported worse outcomes on all measures than partners of older breast cancer survivors Conclusions: As predicted by the social cognitive processing theory, cognitive processing mediated the relationship between social constraints and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, partners of younger BCS fared worse on social constraints, intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms than partners of older BCS. Implications for Nursing: Results provide support for using the social cognitive processing theory in intervention design with partners of long-term BCS to decrease depressive symptoms. Knowledge Translation: • Partners of long-term BCS report clinically significant depression. • Partners of younger BCS report higher levels of depressive symptoms than the national average and than partners of older survivors. • Addressing social constraints within the dyad may improve depressive symptoms.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Association Between Leisure Activity Engagement and Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older People With HIV
    (Oxford University Press, 2022) Wion, Rachel K.; Fazeli, Pariya L.; Vance, David E.; School of Nursing
    Background and objectives: Middle-aged and older adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which may be improved by engaging in leisure activities. We examined associations between HRQoL and participation in cognitive, physical, social, and passive leisure activities, and whether depressive symptoms mediated these relationships. Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model of HRQoL guided this study. Research design and methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, we enrolled 174 adults living with HIV aged 40 and older (M = 51.3, SD = 7.03). Participants completed assessments of leisure activities, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rho correlations, hierarchal multiple regression, and mediation analyses. Results: Greater engagement in physical activities was associated with higher physical HRQoL (b = 2.02, p < .05). Greater engagement in social activities was associated with both higher physical (b = 1.44, p < .05) and mental HRQoL (b = 1.95, p < .01). However, all associations between leisure activities and HRQoL were fully attenuated by depressive symptoms. Cognitive and passive leisure activities were not significantly correlated with HRQoL. Mediation analyses confirmed that depressive symptoms were the mediator mechanism by which social activities affected mental and physical HRQoL. Discussion and implications: More frequent engagement in physical and social leisure activities is associated with better HRQoL, and social leisure activities improve HRQoL via their impact on mood. Interventions to increase leisure activities, especially among people living with HIV who have poorer affective functioning, may be the most effective approach to improving HRQoL.