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Browsing by Subject "Depressive symptomatology"
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Item Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Stroke in a National Cohort of Black and White Participants From REGARDS(Wolters Kluwer, 2021) Ford, Cassandra D.; Gray, Marquita S.; Crowther, Martha R.; Wadley, Virginia G.; Austin, Audrey L.; Crowe, Michael G.; Pulley, LeaVonne; Unverzagt, Frederick; Kleindorfer, Dawn O.; Kissela, Brett M.; Howard, Virginia J.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineObjective: The purpose of this study was to examine depressive symptoms as a risk factor for incident stroke and determine whether depressive symptomatology was differentially predictive of stroke among Black and White participants. Methods: The study comprised 9,529 Black and 14,516 White stroke-free participants, aged 45 and older, enrolled in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (2003-2007). Incident stroke was the first occurrence of stroke. Association between baseline depressive symptoms (assessed via the 4-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D-4]: 0, 1-3, or ≥4) and incident stroke was analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics, stroke risk factors, and social factors. Results: There were 1,262 strokes over an average follow-up of 9.21 (SD 4.0) years. Compared to participants with no depressive symptoms, after demographic adjustment, participants with CES-D-4 scores of 1-3 had 39% increased stroke risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-1.57), with slight attenuation after full adjustment (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11-1.43). Participants with CES-D-4 scores of ≥4 experienced 54% higher risk of stroke after demographic adjustment (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.27-1.85), with risk attenuated in the full model similar to risk with 1-3 symptoms (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51). There was no evidence of a differential effect by race (p = 0.53). Conclusions: The association of depressive symptoms with increased stroke risk was similar among a national sample of Black and White participants. These findings suggest that assessment of depressive symptoms should be considered in primary stroke prevention for both Black and White participants.Item Gender Matters: The Influence of Acculturation and Acculturative Stress on Latino College Student Depressive Symptomatology(American Psychological Association, 2015-02) Castillo, Linda G.; Walker, Jo Ellyn O.Y.; Zamboanga, Byron L.; Weisskirch, Robert S.; Park, Irene J.K.; Navarro, Rachel L.; Schwartz, Seth J.; Krauss Whitbourne, Susan; Kim, Su Yeong; Vazsonyi, Alexander T.; Caraway, S. Jean; Psychiatry, School of MedicineThe purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between acculturation-related variables with depressive symptomatology among Latino college students and the extent to which acculturative stress mediates the association. The extent to which gender moderates these relationships was also examined. Participants were 758 Latina and 264 Latino college students from 30 colleges and universities around the United States. Participants completed measures of acculturation, acculturative stress, and depression. Multigroup path analysis provided excellent model fit and suggested moderation by gender. Acculturative stress mediated the acculturation–depression relationship. One indirect effect was moderated by gender with effects stronger for men: Heritage-culture retention to depressive symptoms via Spanish Competency Pressures. Acculturation and acculturative stress contribute to depression differently for male and female Latino college students. Future research should note the influence of gender socialization on the acculturation process and mental health.