Browsing by Subject "Dentition"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    A Cephalometric Skeletal and Dental Analysis of Selected Black American Children in the Indianapolis Area
    (1975) McDonald, Jeanne L.; Garner, LaForrest D.; Shanks, James C., Jr.; Arbuckle, Gordon R.; Potter, Rosario H.; Dirlam, James H.
    This study was conducted to obtain hard-tissue cephalometric standards for Black American children of twelve years of age. A sample of twenty-four Black American children from the Indianapolis area (thirteen boys and eleven girls} was analyzed and compared with the existing Denver (Caucasian} sample of comparable age. This study was conducted to obtain hard-tissue cephalometric standards for Black American children of twelve years of age. A sample of twenty-four Black American children from the Indianapolis area (thirteen boys and eleven girls} was analyzed and compared with the existing Denver (Caucasian} sample of comparable age. There were only eight measurements that showed no statistical difference from the White standards for both males and females: cranial flexure angle, gonial angle, mandibular plane angle, A-B(OP}, A-B(FH}, A-Pg(OP}, Y-axis angle, and cant of the occlusal plane. There were no significant differences between Black males and Black females. All the linear measurements were significantly larger for the Black sample, except for the chin button (which was significantly smaller in the Blacks}. There was a proportionally larger increase in the mandibular body over the ramus of the mandible in the Black sample; there was a proportionally larger increase in the lower facial height over the upper facial height. In the Black sample, the nasal floor converged upward anteriorly with respect to Frankfort Horizontal. The denture bases and lower face were more protrusive in Blacks; the incisors were more flared and bodily forward. Black patients, therefore, should not be compared to standards set up for Caucasians, but to a set of standards based on normals of their own ethnic group.
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    Continued apical development of pulpless permanent teeth following endontic therapy
    (1968) Camp, Joe Henderson, 1939-; Van Huysen, Grant; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-; Norman, Richard Daviess, 1927-; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-
    This was a histologic study of continued apical development in the pulpless permanent teeth of dogs. The vital pulps were exposed to the oral fluids for one week. The root canals were filled with either calcium hydroxide and camphorated parachlorophenol (CMCP) or calcium hydroxide and distilled water. A vital dye, Procion red was injected to demonstrate the formation of calcified tissue. After four months, the animals were sacrificed. Decalcified semi-serial sections were studied. In 31 of 61 pulpless permanent teeth, with incompletely developed roots, continued apical development occurred. Apical calcified tissue resembling cementum was observed in 55 per cent of the specimens treated with calcium hydroxide and CMCP and in 42 per cent of those, with calcium hydroxide and distilled water. Complete closure of the apical foramen was observed in 29 and 11 per cent of the specimens respectively. Inflammation of the periapical tissues was present in 48 per cent of the calcium hydroxide and CMCP group and in 79 per cent of the other group. A significant association was found between the degree of inflammation and apical closure, (P<.001) for the calcium hydroxide-CMCP group, (P<.005) for the calcium hydroxide-distilled water group. The results suggest that calcium hydroxide and CMCP was superior to calcium hydroxide and distilled water and that the addition of CMCP to the paste reduced inflammation. Procion dye was shown to be an effective in vivo dental hard tissue marker.
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    Dental developmental age versus chronological age as predictors of children's functioning in five developmental skill areas
    (1971) Barton, Douglas Harvey; Mercer, Victor H., 1928-
    The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between dental developmental age and chronologic age as they relate to other aspects of the child's development. The dental developmental age was determined on 74 children, 40 males and 34 females, ranging in age from two to 11 years. The sample population was chosen at random from patients at the Indiana University School of Dentistry. The socio-economic status was determined according to the North-Hatt Occupational Scale; 14.3 per cent of the children fell in the upper class, 84.3 per cent in the middle class, and 1.4 per cent in the lower class. Analysis by race showed that 71.6 per cent of the sample were Caucasian, 23.0 per cent were Negroid, and 5.4 per cent were Oriental. Panoramic radiography, with the S.S. White Panorex, was used to evaluate dental developmental age. Two independent observers scored the radiographs and double blind procedures were used. To determine dental developmental age, Wolanski's method of tooth formation evaluation was used. To determine functioning of children in five developmental skills areas, the Alpern-Boll Developmental Skills Inventory was used. Dental developmental age and chronologic age had a significant positive relationship to children's functioning in five developmental skills areas. There is a chronologic period when determination of dental age appears to be difficult. The data available and methodology for determining dental developmental age of the four-year-old female and the five-year-old male seems to be inadequate. Dental developmental age seems to be a better predictor of general developmental skills for males than it does for females, specifically in the two to eight-year-old group. The highest correlations were found in the youngest age group, i.e. the two to five-year-olds. The correlations between dental developmental age and chronologic age, and between those two indices and the five developmental skills ages remains highly significant in the younger ages but decreases consistently as the child becomes older. The specific age as well as the sex of the child has a definite effect on the correlations obtained. The use of dental developmental age is good but not superior to the use of chronologic age for predicting functioning for normal children. This may not be the case for atypical children. More study is indicated.
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    The effect of untimely loss of deciduous molars on the development and eruption of the premolars
    (1964) Bowers, Donald Frederick, 1935-
    The effect of untimely loss of deciduous molars on the eruption and development of succedaneous premolars was serially studied in eight children in the mixed dentition stage from 45 degree cephalometric films made at three and six month intervals. Each child had one mandibular deciduous molar removed for reasons other than periapical infection and a lingual arch space maintainer provided. The premolar beneath the extracted molar served as the study tooth; its antimere, as the control tooth. Eruptive movement was measured as the distance between the cusp-tip of a premolar on a superpositioned initial tracing and the corresponding cusp-tip on successive films. Antero-posterior movement of premolars was evaluated on a composite tracing along grid lines oriented to a common base line. Tooth formation was assessed by the increase in root length on successive films. Variation was found in the amounts of eruptive movement and root growth during a three month interval, for all premolars within the sample, within an individual and for a single tooth. In no case did a control tooth erupt more than a study tooth in a given interval. The initial effect of deciduous molar loss on eruptive movement in this study appeared to be accelerative. Tooth development was not found to be effected. While moderate correlation was found between eruptive movement and root growth for all premolars, one process did not appear to be solely dependent on the other. A posterior component of eruptive movement was occasionally demonstrated but was not related to the extraction. The clinical value of this study is limited due to its small sample and short duration. Longer and more comprehensive studies of this problem are recommended.
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    Predicting the mesial-distal dimensions of teeth with panoramic radiography
    (1972) Schneider, Paul E.; Starkey, Paul; Englander, William; Kasle, Myron J.; Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003
    The purpose of this study was to determine the relative accuracy of a panoramic radiographic method in the determination of unerupted tooth mass. Four types of radiographic films were made for each of fifty children. The diameters of the unerupted permanent cuspids and bicuspids were measured to compare and assess the degree of linear distortion between the types of radiographs when obtained under routine clinical conditions. The experimental Panorex film was made with the patient positioned eccentrically, but all other radiographic procedures used in this study followed the techniques recommended by the Indiana University School of Dentistry Department of Radiology. The greatest mesial-distal dimensions of the unerupted permanent cuspids and bicuspids were recorded to the nearest 0.1 millimeter. The data were recorded on standard IBM punch cards and submitted for summation and statistical analysis to the Research Computation Center of Indiana University- Purdue University at Indianapolis. Although magnification was reduced considerably, the experimental technique was demonstrated not to be of sufficient and consistent accuracy to be applicable in the determination of tooth mass for the mixed dentition analysis.