Browsing by Subject "Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes"

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    Changes in immunofluorescence staining during islet regeneration in a cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) ferret model
    (Taylor & Francis, 2024) Mohammed, Sawash M.; Bone, Robert N.; Aquino, Jacqueline Del Carmen; Mirmira, Raghavendra G.; Evans-Molina, Carmella; Ismail, Heba M.; Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine
    Background: Knockout (KO) ferrets with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) exhibit distinct phases of dysglycemia and pancreatic remodeling prior to cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) development. Following normoglycemia during the first month of life (Phase l), hyperglycemia occurs during the subsequent 2 months (Phase Il) with decreased islet mass, followed by a period of near normoglycemia (Phase Ill) in which the islets regenerate. We aimed to characterize islet hormone expression patterns across these Phases. Methods: Immunofluorescence staining per islet area was performed to characterize islet hormone expression patterns in age matched CFTR KO and wild type (WT) ferrets, focusing on the first three phases. Results: In Phase I, insulin staining intensity was higher in CF (p < 0.01) than WT but decreased in Phase III (p < 0.0001). Glucagon was lower in CF during Phases I and increased in Phase III, while proinsulin decreased (p < 0.0001) Phases II and III. CF sections showed lower proinsulin-to-insulin ratio in Phase I (p < 0.01) and in Phase III (p < 0.05) compared to WT. Conversely, glucagon-to-insulin ratio was lower in CF in Phase I (p < 0.0001) but increased in Phase III (p < 0.0001). Mender's coefficient overlap showed higher overlap of insulin over proinsulin in CF sections in Phase II (p < 0.001) and Phase III (p < 0.0001) compared to WT. Mender's coefficient rate was higher in CF sections during Phase II (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CF ferret islets revealed significant immunofluorescent staining changes compared to WT during various phases of disease, providing insights into CRFD pathophysiology.
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    Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: Prevalence, screening, and diagnosis
    (Elsevier, 2021-12-07) Khare, Swapnil; Desimone, Marisa; Kasim, Nader; Chan, Christine L.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common comorbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Prevalence of CFRD increases with age and is greater with severe mutations. Other risk factors associated with CFRD are female sex, pancreatic insufficiency, liver disease, need for gastrostomy tube feedings, history of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and poor pulmonary function. CFRD is related to worse clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment have been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Screening for CFRD is recommended with an annual oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) starting at age 10 years. Diagnosis of CFRD is made by standard American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria during baseline health. CFRD can also be diagnosed in individuals with CF during acute illness, while on enteral feeds, and after transplant. In this review we will discuss the epidemiology of CFRD and provide an overview of the advantages and pitfalls of current screening and diagnostic tests for CFRD.
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    Potential Role for the Use of Gliptins in Cystic Fibrosis-related Diabetes
    (Endocrine Society, 2021-10-21) Ismail, Heba M.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine