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Item Access to Knowledge in Brazil: New Research on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development(Bloomsbury Academic, 2010) Shaver, LeaAccess to knowledge is a demand for democratic participation, for global inclusion and for economic justice. It is a reaction to the excessively restrictive international IP regime put in place over the last two decades, which seeks to reassert the public interest in a more balanced information policy. With sponsorship from the Ford Foundation, the Information Society Project at Yale Law School has embarked on a new series of access to knowledge research, in partnership with colleagues in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Russia and South Africa. The first book in this series, Access to Knowledge in Brazil, focuses on current issues in intellectual property, innovation and development policy from a Brazilian perspective. Each chapter is authored by scholars from the Fundação Getulio Vargas law schools in São Paolo and Rio de Janeiro and examines a policy area that significantly impacts access to knowledge in the country. These include: exceptions and limitations to copyright, free software and open business models, patent reform and access to medicines, and open innovation in the biotechnology sector.Item Access to Knowledge in Egypt: New Research on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development(Bloomsbury Academic, 2010) Shaver, Lea; Rizk, NaglaThe conventional wisdom in Egypt examines the issue of intellectual property solely as a question of policing and enforcement. The high levels of protection indicated by the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights are unquestioningly assumed to be desirable. Policy debates - and all too often academic ones as well - focus only on the questions of how to more efficiently tighten IP protection and crack down on piracy. Yet a more critical examination is urgently needed, whereby IP law, policy, and practice are viewed from a development perspective, rather than from an enforcement perspective. This volume takes on this endeavor. It offers the first examination of IP issues in Egypt adopting a multidisciplinary bottom-up approach that aims at maximizing access and contribution to knowledge, and in turn, promoting development. Bringing rigorous empirical research to bear on unquestioned ideologies, the collaborating authors question the conventional wisdom that more IP protection is necessarily better for innovation and development.Item Addressing Disparity: What Aspects of African American Culture Contribute to an Increased Risk for Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID)?(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Ayres, Brook; Fauvergue, Cheyenne; Cullen, Deborah; Stiffler, DeborahIntroduction: African American infants in the United States were 2.4 times more likely to die in the first year of life than white infants. In Indiana, the 2013 overall Infant Mortality Rate was 7.2, but the rate for African Americans was 15.3. Non-breast feeding mothers, sleep positioning, sleep surface, bed sharing, and learning barriers among African American mothers suggest differences in outcomes as compared with infants born in white families. This systematic review of the literature focuses on the corollary variables between SUID and African American culture, specifically what puts African American babies at an increased risk for dying. Methods: A rigorous multi-database search was conducted using key words SUID, African American Culture. Originally we accessed 217 articles. Of these 217 articles, we found fifteen qualitative articles and 28 quantitative articles that met our inclusion criteria of being between the years 1990-2015 and had a specific link between African American culture and SUID. We will be using the System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (SUMARI) through the Joanna Briggs Institute. Two tools, the Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (QARI) and Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment Review Instruments (MASTARI) will carry out the validity, reliability and data extraction. Results: Preliminary themes suggest that breast-feeding, sleep positioning, and sleep surface, bed sharing, and learning barriers may contribute to the SUID disparity among African Americans. Conclusion: Further investigation may prove useful in determining what interventions could be placed in practice to decrease SUID in black infants. Health care professionals need to be aware of the disparity when developing their approach to care for African American infants and their families.Item African American patients' intent to screen for colorectal cancer: Do cultural factors, health literacy, knowledge, age and gender matter?(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016-02) Brittain, Kelly; Christy, Shannon M.; Rawl, Susan M.; Department of Psychology, School of ScienceAfrican Americans have higher colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates. Research suggests that CRC screening interventions targeting African Americans be based upon cultural dimensions. Secondary analysis of data from African-Americans who were not up-to-date with CRC screening (n=817) was conducted to examine: 1) relationships among cultural factors (i.e., provider trust, cancer fatalism, health temporal orientation (HTO)), health literacy, and CRC knowledge; 2) age and gender differences; and 3) relationships among the variables and CRC screening intention. Provider trust, fatalism, HTO, health literacy and CRC knowledge had significant relationships among study variables. The FOBT intention model explained 43% of the variance with age and gender being significant predictors. The colonoscopy intention model explained 41% of the variance with gender being a significant predictor. Results suggest that when developing CRC interventions for African Americans, addressing cultural factors remain important, but particular attention should be given to the age and gender of the patient.Item All the Pieces Matter: Fragmentation-as-Agency in the Novels of Edwidge Danticat, Michelle Cliff, and Shani Mootoo(2013-01-30) Morguson, Alisun; Springer, Jennifer Thorington; Fox, Stephen L.; Henry Anthony, Ronda C.The fragmented bodies and lives of postcolonial Caribbean women examined in Caribbean literature beget struggle and psychological ruin. The characters portrayed in novels by postcolonial Caribbean writers Edwidge Danticat, Michelle Cliff, and Shani Mootoo are marginalized as “Other” by a Western patriarchal discourse that works to silence them because of their gender, color, class, and sexuality. Marginalization participates in the act of fragmentation of these characters because it challenges their sense of identity. Fragmentation means fractured; in terms of these fictive characters, fragmentation results from multiple traumas, each trauma causing another break in their wholeness. Postcolonial scholars have identified the causes and effects of fragmentation on the postcolonial subject, and they argue one’s need to heal because of it. Danticat, Cliff, and Mootoo prove that wholeness is not possible for the postcolonial Caribbean woman, so rather than ruminate on that truth, they examine the journey of the postcolonial Caribbean woman as a way of making meaning of the pieces of her life. This project contends that fragmentation – and the fracture it produces – does not bind these women to negative existences; in fact, the female subjects of Danticat, Cliff, and Mootoo locate power in their fragmentation. The texts studied include Danticat’s "Breath, Eyes, Memory" (1994) and "The Farming of Bones" (1999), Cliff’s "Abeng" (1984) and "No Telephone to Heaven" (1987), and Mootoo’s "Cereus Blooms at Night" (1996) and "He Drown She in the Sea" (2005).Item Art Therapy Program Recommendations for Students from Non-Dominant Cultures in Schools(2018) Thompson, Courtney; Yates, Dani; Misluk, EileenPublic schools educate many students of various cultural backgrounds and often provide mental health services to meet the needs of these students. This mixed methods study is comprised of a systematic literature review and survey that inquired about how art therapists in schools meet the needs of students from non-dominant cultures. Historical and current data about how art therapists in schools meet the needs of students from non-dominant cultures supported recommendations for a culturally sensitive art therapy program in public schools. Students from non-dominant cultures are those who have cognitive or physical disabilities, belong to a race or ethnicity other than white or Caucasian, have religious beliefs other than Christianity, have low socioeconomic status, are LGBTQ, have indigenous heritage, and/or are female (Hays, 2016). Results from the research show a lack of concrete knowledge regarding funding for art therapy programs in schools, a need for cultural sensitivity training for art therapists that addresses assessments, material choice and development of interventions, and a wide range of needs and goals for this population. The program recommendations include suggestions for funding, therapist credentials, structure of programming, culturally competent art therapy practice, and suggestions for cultural training.Item Arts and Culture Giving(2009) Ottoni-Wilhelm, MarkItem Arts and Culture Giving 2007(2007) Ottoni-Wilhelm, MarkItem Case Study of the American British Cowdray School of Nursing (ABCSN)(Publisher of original article: Palgrave Macmillan. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in International Journal of Educational Advancement. [BREAK]The definitive publisher-authenticated version of: Thomas Upton "Editorial: Nursing Papers," CASE International Journal of Educational Advancement 3, no. 2 (2002): 163-172, is available online at:[BREAK] [LINK]http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ijea/archive/index.html[/LINK].[BREAK]Access to the original article may require subscription and authorized logon ID/password. IUPUI faculty/staff/students please check University Library resources before purchasing an article. Questions on finding the original article via our databases? Ask a librarian: [LINK] http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/research/askalibrarian [/LINK]., 2002) Upton, Thomas A. (Thomas Albin); Orvananos de Rovzar, MarcelaThis case study is the last of five looking at the influence of culture on fundraising activities in international non-profits. The American British Cowdray School of Nursing (ABCSN), a nonprofit school affiliated with a local Mexican hospital and university, reflects many of the fundraising practices common to Mexican non-profit organizations, which are in fact few. In Mexico, fundraising and philanthropy have never been widely practiced, a restrictive legal and tax framework inhibits fundraising activity, there is a general mistrust of nonprofits, and there is a general lack of knowledge about or skills with fundraising among nonprofit organizations. This case study examines the organizational structure and fundraising strategies of the ABCSN, and then reflects on the influence the cultural context of the organization has played on shaping them.Item Correlation between caries prevalence, socioeconomic status, and cultural findings in Hispanic children ages 6 months to 8 years(2002) Kugar, Jennifer R.; Yoder, Karen S. Masbaum, 1941-; Avery, David R.; Sanders, Brian J.; Weddell, James A. (James Arthur), 1949-; Martinez Mier, Esperanza de los A. (Esperanza de los Angeles), 1967-; Mallatt, Mark E. (Mark Edward), 1950-; Dean, Jeffrey A.There has been a tremendous influx in the number of Hispanic immigrants into the US over the past couple of decades. Many newcomers have families with small children, and dental needs in this pediatric population are disproportionately high. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any correlation between the increased prevalence of caries and socioeconomic or cultural factors in Hispanic children ages six months to eight years old. To accomplish this, 127 children were given dental examinations by a calibrated dental examiner, and their parents completed a two-page questionnaire with questions regarding socioeconomic factors, den1ographics, and cultural issues. The bivariate relation between caries status and demographic and cultural variables was examined using chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and logistic regression for continuous variables. Bivariate relation between defs and demographic and cultural variables was examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean defs for children up to age two was 1.53; ages two to five the mean defs was 7.73, and for ages six to eight, 9.18. As the prevalence of caries increases with age, the child is more likely to access dental care, but despite this, there is an overall mean 79 percent of untreated decay (of decayed, missing and filled surfaces). In the permanent dentition, the overall mean DMFS was found to be 2.22. There were several factors found to be statistically significant to the incidence of defs. If the child had dental insurance, the child was more likely to have higher defs. If a child had more siblings, the defs score was higher. If the child was on the bottle at less than age one-and-a-half, the child was less likely to have dental caries. If the child on the bottle was older than age one-and-a-half, the child was much more likely to have dental caries. The older the child is when the child goes off the bottle, the more likely the child will have a higher caries experience. There is an extraordinarily large number of untreated caries found in Hispanic children. The reasons for this are multifactorial, but involve cost, language barriers, being new to the area, and not having seen a dentist yet. Identifying those at high risk such as single mothers, those with increased numbers of siblings, and infants that are still on the bottle, or older children that are at increased jeopardy due to prolonged use of the bottle are important factors in treating those that are underserved. Local dental and community organizations could benefit from being apprised of the unmet dental need of Hispanic children and some of the contributing factors. By further investigating and understanding some of the socioeconomic and cultural issues that present barriers to care, treatment might become more accessible and available. Adverse outcomes such as missed school and opportunities for acculturation, inadequate nutrition, pain, and infection might be avoided or diminished.
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