Browsing by Subject "Coronary artery calcification"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Association of the Interaction Between Smoking and Depressive Symptom Clusters With Coronary Artery Calcification: The CARDIA Study
    (Taylor & Francis, 2017-01) Carroll, Allison J.; Auer, Reto; Colangelo, Laura A.; Carnethon, Mercedes R.; Jacobs, David R., Jr.; Stewart, Jesse C.; Widome, Rachel; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Liu, Kiang; Hitsman, Brian; Psychology, School of Science
    OBJECTIVE: Depressive symptom clusters are differentially associated with prognosis among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies have prospectively evaluated the association between depressive symptom clusters and risk of CVD. Previously, we observed that smoking and global depressive symptoms were synergistically associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the smoking by depressive symptoms interaction, measured cumulatively over 25 years, differed by depressive symptom cluster (negative affect, anhedonia, and somatic symptoms) in association with CAC. METHODS: Participants (N = 3,189: 54.5% female; 51.5% Black; average age = 50.1 years) were followed from 1985-1986 through 2010-2011 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Smoking exposure was measured by cumulative cigarette pack-years (cigarette packs smoked per day × number of years smoking; year 0 through year 25). Depressive symptoms were measured using a 14-item, 3-factor (negative affect, anhedonia, somatic symptoms) model of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale (years 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25). CAC was assessed at year 25. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the smoking by depressive symptom clusters interactions with CAC ( = 0 vs. > 0), adjusted for CVD-related sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates. RESULTS: 907 participants (28% of the sample) had CAC > 0 at year 25. The depressive symptom clusters did not differ significantly between the two groups. Only the cumulative somatic symptom cluster by cumulative smoking exposure interaction was significantly associated with CAC > 0 at year 25 (p = .028). Specifically, adults with elevated somatic symptoms (score 9 out of 18) who had 10, 20, or 30 pack-years of smoking exposure had respective odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.06 [1.08, 3.93], 3.71 [1.81, 7.57], and 6.68 [2.87, 15.53], ps < .05. Negative affect and anhedonia did not significantly interact with smoking exposure associated with CAC >0, ps > .05. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic symptoms appear to be a particularly relevant cluster of depressive symptomatology in the relationship between smoking and CVD risk.
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    Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Renal Disease
    (MDPI, 2019-03-02) Aeddula, Narothama Reddy; Cheungpasitporn, Wisit; Thongprayoon, Charat; Pathireddy, Samata; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is derived from splanchnic mesoderm, localized anatomically between the myocardium and pericardial visceral layer, and surrounds the coronary arteries. Being a metabolically active organ, EAT secretes numerous cytokines, which moderate cardiovascular morphology and function. Through its paracrine and vasocrine secretions, EAT may play a prominent role in modulating cardiac function. EAT protects the heart in normal physiological conditions by secreting a variety of adipokines with anti-atherosclerotic properties, and in contrast, secretes inflammatory molecules in pathologic conditions that may play a dynamic role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by promoting atherosclerosis. Considerable research has been focused on comparing the anatomical and biochemical features of EAT in healthy people, and a variety of disease conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. The global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal disease are high, and there is a paucity of concrete evidence and societal guidelines to detect early cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this group of patients. Here we performed a clinical review on the existing evidence and knowledge on EAT in patients with renal disease, to evaluate its application as a reliable, early, noninvasive biomarker and indicator for CVD, and to assess its significance in cardiovascular risk stratification.
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    Interaction between smoking and depressive symptoms with subclinical heart disease in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
    (American Psychological Association, 2017-02) Carroll, Allison J.; Carnethon, Mercedes R.; Liu, Kiang; Jacobs, David R., Jr.; Colangelo, Laura A.; Stewart, Jesse C.; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Widome, Rachel; Auer, Reto; Hitsman, Brian; Psychology, School of Science
    OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether smoking exposure and depressive symptoms accumulated over 25 years are synergistically associated with subclinical heart disease, measured by coronary artery calcification (CAC). METHOD: Participants (baseline: 54.5% women; 51.5% Black; age range = 18-30 years) were followed prospectively from 1985 to 2010 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Smoking status was queried yearly from Year 0 to Year 25 to compute packyears of smoking exposure. Depressive symptoms were measured on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale every 5 years to compute cumulative scores from Year 5 to Year 25. A three-level multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cumulative smoking, cumulative depressive symptoms, and their interaction with moderate-risk CAC (score 1-99) and higher-risk CAC (score ≥100) compared with no CAC (score = 0) at Year 25. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral covariates. RESULTS: Among 3,189 adults, the cumulative Smoking × Depressive Symptoms interaction was not significant for moderate-risk CAC (p = .057), but was significant for higher-risk CAC (p = .001). For adults with a 30-packyear smoking history, average CES-D scores 2, 10, and 16 were, respectively, associated with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) 3.40 (2.36-4.90), 4.82 (3.03-7.66), and 6.25 (3.31-11.83) for higher-risk CAC (all ps < .05). CONCLUSION: Cumulative smoking exposure and cumulative depressive symptoms have a synergistic association with subclinical heart disease, where higher lifetime smoking exposure and depressive symptoms are associated with greater odds of CAC. (PsycINFO Database Record
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    Physical Activity, Inflammation, Coronary Artery Calcification, and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in African Americans: Insights From the Jackson Heart Study
    (Elsevier, 2021) Kamimura, Daisuke; Cain-Shields, Loretta R.; Clark, Donald, III.; Oshunbade, Adebamike A.; Ashley, Kellan E.; Guild, Cameron S.; Loprinzi, Paul D.; Newton, Robert; Blaha, Michael J.; Suzuki, Takeki; Butler, Javed; Hall, John E.; Correa, Adolfo; Hall, Michael E.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objective: To examine associations between physical activity, inflammation, coronary artery calcification and incident coronary heart disease in African Americans. Methods: Among Jackson Heart Study participants without prevalent coronary heart disease at baseline (n=4295), we examined the relationships between physical activity and high-sensitivity CRP, the presence of coronary artery calcification (Agatston score≥100), and incident coronary heart disease. Based on the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 metrics, participants were classified as having poor, intermediate or ideal physical activity. Results: After adjusting for possible confounding factors, ideal physical activity was associated with lower high-sensitivity CRP levels (β: −0.15, 95%CI −0.15, −0.002) and a lower prevalence of coronary artery calcification (odds ratio: 0.70, 95%CI 0.51, 0.96) compared with poor physical activity. Over a median of 12.8 years follow up, there were 164 incident coronary heart disease events (3.3/1000 person-years). Ideal physical activity was associated with a lower rate of incident coronary heart disease compared with poor physical activity (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.31, 0.98). Conclusions: In a large community-based African American cohort, ideal physical activity was associated with lower inflammation levels, a lower prevalence of coronary artery calcification, and a lower rate of incident coronary heart disease. These findings suggest that promotion of ideal physical activity may be an important way to reduce the risk of subclinical and future clinical coronary heart disease in African Americans.