Browsing by Subject "Coping"
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Item Coping Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief COPE(Springer, 2019-08-01) Rand, Kevin L.; Cohee, Andrea A.; Monahan, Patrick O.; Wagner, Lynne I.; Champion, Victoria L.; Psychology, School of ScienceBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cancer survivors continue to cope with significant stressors after completing treatment. The Brief COPE (Carver, 1997) is frequently used to measure coping; however, its factor structure remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the best factor conceptualization of the Brief COPE for use among breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Breast cancer survivors (N = 1,127) completed the Brief COPE. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses comparing several a priori models based on research in cancer-relevant populations. RESULTS: Of the eight models examined, the 14-factor model of the Brief COPE showed the best fit. CONCLUSIONS: Despite efforts to simplify the structure of the Brief COPE, our results suggest coping among breast cancer survivors is best assessed using Carver's (1997) original 14-factor conceptualization.Item Coping is Complicated: Examining the Roles of Coping Strategies and Pain Self-Efficacy for Black Veterans with Chronic Pain(2024-12) Procento, Philip Matthew; Hirsh, Adam T.; Matthias, Marianne S.; Rand, Kevin L.; Stewart, Jesse C.Black patients with chronic pain routinely receive insufficient pain management, which contributes to myriad worse outcomes. This inadequate care stems from various factors, including systemic marginalization, provider bias, and patient-level factors. The present study focused on two patient factors: pain self-efficacy and coping strategies. It explored whether the relationship of pain intensity and pain interference was explained by active (less interference) and passive (greater interference) coping strategies, and it investigated if pain self-efficacy strengthened or weakened these mediating relationships. As part of a larger study, Black veterans with chronic pain completed measures assessing pain interference, coping strategies, and self-efficacy. Simple mediation analyses indicated that the relationship between pain intensity and interference was mediated by passive, but not active, coping. Higher pain intensity predicted greater passive coping, which led to worse pain interference. A parallel mediation analysis affirmed this mediating effect when controlling for active coping. Moderated mediation analyses found that pain self-efficacy moderated the mediating effect of passive, but not active, coping. Participants with lower (vs. higher) pain self-efficacy used more passive coping (in absolute terms) across pain intensity levels, but those with higher (vs. lower) self-efficacy experienced greater increases in their passive coping as their pain intensity increased. A parallel moderated mediation analysis affirmed this moderated mediation effect when controlling for active coping. These results suggest that passive coping is a possible mechanism by which pain intensity leads to interference among Black veterans with chronic pain, and that self-efficacy modulates this effect. Future research should replicate these results in other patient samples, investigate other possible moderators (e.g., PTSD), and design interventions to reduce the use of passive coping strategies while simultaneously increasing pain self-efficacy.Item COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia(MDPI, 2023-04-20) Alharbi, Talal Ali F.; Alqurashi, Alaa Ashraf Bagader; Mahmud, Ilias; Alharbi, Rayan Jafnan; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Almustanyir, Sami; Maklad, Ahmed Essam; AlSarraj, Ahmad; Mughaiss, Lujain Nedhal; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Ahmed, Ahmed Ali; Barry, Mazin; Ghozy, Sherief; Alabdan, Lulwah Ibrahim; Alif, Sheikh M.; Sultana, Farhana; Salehin, Masudus; Banik, Biswajit; Cross, Wendy; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Medicine, School of Medicine(1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14–12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91–6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12–2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis.Item Depression in Husbands of Breast Cancer Patients: Relationships to Coping and Social Support(Springer, 2011) Bigatti, Silvia M.; Wagner, Christina D.; Lydon, Jennifer R.; Steiner, Jennifer L.; Miller, Kathy D.PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine depression in husbands of women with breast cancer, as depression is typically as high in husbands as in patients, and impacts functioning in both. METHODS: We compared husbands of patients to husbands of women without chronic illness on depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, social support with the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, and coping with the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Using the stress and coping model, we examined whether coping mediated social support and depression differently by group, as has been found in the literature. RESULTS: Husbands of patients reported higher scores on the measure of depression and lower use of problem-focused coping, while groups reported equivalent social support. Escape-avoidance coping emerged as a full mediator between social support and depression in husbands of patients, but only a partial mediator in comparison husbands. Accepting responsibility coping partially mediated social support and depression in both groups. Low social support appears particularly detrimental in husbands of patients as it is associated with ineffective coping and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that among husbands of patients, social support relates to depression only through its relationship with coping, indicating healthcare providers should direct attention and intervention to the coping strategies employed by husbands with low social support.Item Depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, and alcohol use: differences based on gender and posttraumatic stress disorder in emerging adults(Springer, 2024) Danielson, Carla Kmett; Hahn, Austin M.; Bountress, Kaitlin E.; Gilmore, Amanda K.; Roos, Lydia; Adams, Zachary W.; Kirby, Charli M.; Amstadter, Ananda B.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineTrauma exposure and alcohol use often co-occur. Unveiling predictors of drinking behavior, including among those with varying levels of trauma exposure, can inform behavioral health prevention and treatment efforts in at-risk populations. The current study examined associations between depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, gender, and alcohol use among emerging adults with and without trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were 238 emerging adults between the ages of 21 and 30 years (M = 24.75; SD = 2.61) in one of three groups: trauma-exposed with PTSD (n = 70); trauma-exposed with no PTSD (n = 83); or a no trauma (control) group (n = 85). Demographics, parental alcohol problems, depressive symptoms, and avoidant coping were examined as predictors of drinks per drinking day. Chi-square, t-test, bivariate, and group path analysis were conducted. Among participants, men consumed greater amounts of alcohol than women across all three groups. Group assignment based on trauma history and PTSD significantly moderated the association between avoidant coping and alcohol use such that avoidant coping had a significant effect on alcohol use among participants in the trauma-exposed and PTSD groups. There was also a significant group × gender × avoidant coping interaction such that, among participants in the control group, men had attenuated alcohol use at low levels of avoidant coping and increased at high levels of avoidant coping. No effects of race were observed. Results highlight the importance of avoidant coping as a risk factor for problematic drinking, unveiling a specific intervention target for reducing co-occurring PTSD and problematic alcohol use.Item Differences in Pain Coping Between Black and White Americans: A Meta-Analysis(Elsevier, 2016-06) Meints, Samantha M.; Miller, Megan M.; Hirsh, Adam T.; Psychology, School of ScienceCompared with white individuals, black individuals experience greater pain across clinical and experimental modalities. These race differences may be due to differences in pain-related coping. Several studies examined the relationship between race and pain coping; however, no meta-analytic review has summarized this relationship or attempted to account for differences across studies. The goal of this meta-analytic review was to quantify race differences in the overall use of pain coping strategies as well as specific coping strategies. Relevant studies were identified using electronic databases, an ancestry search, and by contacting authors for unpublished data. Of 150 studies identified, 19 met inclusion criteria, resulting in 6,489 participants and 123 effect sizes. All of the included studies were conducted in the United States. Mean effect sizes were calculated using a random effects model. Compared with white individuals, black individuals used pain coping strategies more frequently overall (standardized mean difference [d] = .25, P < .01), with the largest differences observed for praying (d = .70) and catastrophizing (d = .40). White individuals engaged in task persistence more than black individuals (d = -.28). These results suggest that black individuals use coping strategies more frequently, specifically strategies associated with poorer pain outcomes. Future research should examine the extent to which the use of these strategies mediates race differences in the pain experience. PERSPECTIVE: Results of this meta-analysis examining race differences in pain-related coping indicate that, compared with white individuals, black individuals use coping strategies more frequently, specifically those involving praying and catastrophizing. These differences in coping may help to explain race differences in the pain experience.Item Differential impact, differential adjustments: diverse experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic by college students in an Upper-Midwestern University, USA(PubMed, 2021) Karikari, Isaac; Karikari, Grace; Kyere, Eric; School of Social WorkThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic though widespread is not monolithic. Therefore, a differentiated understanding of the pandemic's impact on people is critical. Further, it is important to recognize that even within the same group people's experiences may differ. The current study explored how the onset of COVID-19 and its mitigation measures impacted university students across the broad spectrum of their lives. The study utilized a qualitative approach based on individual and focus group interviews through Zoom. Participants were recruited using convenience and purposive sampling strategies. Twenty-one students (mean age = 33.8, over 76% whites, 15 females) participated in the study. Guided by systems and ecological systems theories and grounded in a contextualist paradigm, the data were analyzed thematically. Pseudonyms were adopted to preserve the anonymity of the participants. The findings revealed that COVID-19 has impacted students in varied ways ranging from the seemingly simple to the multi-layered and complex. An overarching theme, "same storm, different boats", which conveys the notion of differential impact, and differential adjustments was identified. Nested under the overarching theme are two main themes (1) Impact of COVID-19: disruptions, stressors, and silver linings and (2) Coping with COVID-19. Participants reported positive as well as negative impacts. Factors that helped students cope included institutional support, empathy from instructors, and family support. The findings suggest that to effectively respond to the impact of COVID-19 on students, it will be important to identify and attend to the distinct and diverse stressors within this population, and systems and ecological systems theories are important guiding frameworks.Item Erratum Re: “Coping With Racism: Moderators of the Discrimination—Distress Link Among Mexican-Origin Adolescents”(Wiley, 2019-01) Park, Irene J. K.; Wang, Lijuan; Williams, David R.; Alegría, Margarita; Psychiatry, School of MedicineThe publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Child Dev This corrects the article "Coping With Racism: Moderators of the Discrimination—Adjustment Link Among Mexican-Origin Adolescents" in Child Dev, volume 89 on page e293.Item How African American Adolescents Manage Depression: Being With Others(Sage, 2016-09) Al-Khattab, Halima; Oruche, Ukamaka M.; Perkins, Danielle; Draucker, Claire; School of NursingBACKGROUND: African American (AA) adolescents with depression face serious negative outcomes. Despite racial/ethnic disparities in treatment utilization, few studies have explored how AA adolescents manage their depression. OBJECTIVE: To describe common ways AA adolescents manage depressive symptoms through relationships with people in their lives. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze the narratives of 22 AA young adults who had been depressed as adolescents and 5 AA adolescents in treatment for depression. RESULTS: A typology describing the varied ways AA adolescents manage their depressive symptoms through interactions with other people was constructed and labeled Being With Others. The five categories in the typology are keeping others at bay, striking out at others, seeking help from others, joining in with others, and having others reach out CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians might use the Being With Others typology to guide discussions related to detecting, assessing, and treating AA adolescents with depression.Item Meaning in Life and the Acceptance of Cancer: A Systematic Review(MDPI, 2022-05-03) Quinto, Rossella Mattea; De Vincenzo, Francesco; Campitiello, Laura; Innamorati, Marco; Secinti, Ekin; Iani, Luca; Psychology, School of ScienceMeaning in life and acceptance of cancer are critical for patients to adjust to a cancer diagnosis and to improve psychological wellbeing. Little is known about the relationship between meaning in life and the acceptance of cancer. This study provides a systematic review of the associations between meaning in life and the acceptance of cancer in cancer patients. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched until 15 March 2021. Studies were included if they quantitatively examined the association between meaning in life and the acceptance of cancer in adult cancer patients/survivors and if they were published in peer-reviewed journals or in books. The study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Of the 4907 records identified through database searches, only 3 studies quantitatively examined the associations between meaning in life and the acceptance of cancer. The total sample involved 464 women with cancer. All three studies reported positive correlations between meaning in life and the acceptance of cancer (ranging from r = 0.19 to r = 0.38), whereas meaning in life did not predict the acceptance of cancer. Overall, the meaning in life–acceptance relationship has not been sufficiently investigated, though it has relevant theoretical and clinical implications for coping with cancer. High-quality studies are needed to better understand the relationship between meaning in life and the acceptance of cancer.