Browsing by Subject "Controlled trial"

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    Mammography Adherence in African-American Women: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
    (Springer, 2016-02) Gathirua-Mwangi, Wambui G.; Monahan, Patrick O.; Stump, Timothy; Rawl, Susan M.; Skinner, Celette Sugg; Champion, Victoria L.; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women in the developed world. Mammography screening is especially important for African-Americans because they experience a greater mortality (OR = 1.38) than Caucasians despite having a lower incidence of breast cancer. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two interventions with usual care on mammography adherence among African-American women. METHODS: A subsample of African-American women (n = 244) aged 41-65 years who had not had a mammogram in the last 15 months and no history of breast cancer was randomly assigned to receive (1) mailed interactive DVD, (2) computer-tailored telephone counseling, or (3) usual care. RESULTS: The DVD intervention was five times more effective than usual care for promoting mammography screening at 6 months follow-up among women who earned less than $30,000 (OR = 5.3). Compared to usual care, neither the DVD nor phone produced significant effects for women with household incomes >$30,000. CONCLUSION: Use of a mailed DVD for low-income African-American women may be an effective way to increase mammography adherence.
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    Randomized phase 2 study of ACE-083, a muscle-promoting agent, in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
    (Wiley, 2022) Statland, Jeffrey M.; Campbell, Craig; Desai, Urvi; Karam, Chafic; Díaz-Manera, Jordi; Guptill, Jeffrey T.; Korngut, Lawrence; Genge, Angela; Tawil, Rabi N.; Elman, Lauren; Joyce, Nanette C.; Wagner, Kathryn R.; Manousakis, Georgios; Amato, Anthony A.; Butterfield, Russell J.; Shieh, Perry B.; Wicklund, Matthew; Gamez, Josep; Bodkin, Cynthia; Pestronk, Alan; Weihl, Conrad C.; Vilchez-Padilla, Juan J.; Johnson, Nicholas E.; Mathews, Katherine D.; Miller, Barry; Leneus, Ashley; Fowler, Marcie; van de Rijn, Marc; Attie, Kenneth M.; Neurology, School of Medicine
    Introduction/aims: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a slowly progressive muscular dystrophy without approved therapies. In this study we evaluated whether locally acting ACE-083 could safely increase muscle volume and improve functional outcomes in adults with FSHD. Methods: Participants were at least 18 years old and had FSHD1/FSHD2. Part 1 was open label, ascending dose, assessing safety and tolerability (primary objective). Part 2 was randomized, double-blind for 6 months, evaluating ACE-083240 mg/muscle vs placebo injected bilaterally every 3 weeks in the biceps brachii (BB) or tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, followed by 6 months of open label. Magnetic resonance imaging measures included total muscle volume (TMV; primary objective), fat fraction (FF), and contractile muscle volume (CMV). Functional measures included 6-minute walk test, 10-meter walk/run, and 4-stair climb (TA group), and performance of upper limb midlevel/elbow score (BB group). Strength, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and safety were also evaluated. Results: Parts 1 and 2 enrolled 37 and 58 participants, respectively. Among 55 participants evaluable in Part 2, the least-squares mean (90% confidence interval, analysis of covariance) treatment difference for TMV was 16.4% (9.8%-23.0%) in the BB group (P < .0001) and 9.5% (3.2%-15.9%) in the TA group (P = .01). CMV increased significantly in the BB and TA groups and FF decreased in the TA group. There were no consistent improvements in functional or PRO measures in either group. The most common adverse events were mild or moderate injection-site reactions. Discussion: Significant increases in TMV with ACE-083 vs placebo did not result in consistent functional or PRO improvements with up to 12 months of treatment.
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    The Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Delta Modulator ASP1128 in Patients at Risk for Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery
    (Elsevier, 2023-04-08) van Till, J. W. Olivier; Nojima, Hiroyuki; Kameoka, Chisato; Hayashi, Chieri; Sakatani, Taishi; Washburn, T. Benton; Molitoris, Bruce A.; Shaw, Andrew D.; Engelman, Daniel T.; Kellum, John A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) plays a central role in modulating mitochondrial function in ischemia-reperfusion injury. The novel PPARδ modulator, ASP1128, was evaluated. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, biomarker assignment-driven, multicenter study was performed in adult patients at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery, examining efficacy and safety of a 3-day, once-daily intravenous dose of 100 mg ASP1128 versus placebo (1:1). AKI risk was based on clinical characteristics and postoperative urinary biomarker (TIMP2)•(IGFBP7). The primary end point was the proportion of patients with AKI based on serum creatinine within 72 hours postsurgery (AKI-SCr72h). Secondary endpoints included the composite end point of major adverse kidney events (MAKE: death, renal replacement therapy, and/or ≥25% reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) at days 30 and 90). Results: A total of 150 patients were randomized and received study medication (81 placebo, 69 ASP1128). Rates of AKI-SCr72h were 21.0% and 24.6% in the placebo and ASP1128 arms, respectively (P = 0.595). Rates of moderate/severe AKI (stage 2/3 AKI-SCr and/or stage 3 AKI-urinary output criteria) within 72 hours postsurgery were 19.8% and 23.2%, respectively (P = 0.609). MAKE occurred within 30 days in 11.1% and 13.0% in the placebo and ASP1128 arms (P = 0.717), respectively; and within 90 days in 9.9% and 15.9% in the placebo and ASP1128 arms (P = 0.266), respectively. No safety issues were identified with ASP1128 treatment, but rates of postoperative atrial fibrillation were lower (11.6%) than in the placebo group (29.6%). Conclusion: ASP1128 was safe and well-tolerated in patients at risk for AKI following cardiac surgery, but it did not show efficacy in renal endpoints.