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Browsing by Subject "Community-based research"
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Item Barriers and facilitators to salivary rapid HIV testing in African Americans(Forum for Collaborative HIV Research, 2010-11-18) Burrage, Joe; Hines-Cheatem, Dana; Nyamathi, Adeline; Habermann, Barbara; Zimet, GregOBJECTIVE: To identify barriers and facilitators of voluntary Salivary Rapid HIV testing decisions (SRT) among African Americans in order to develop interventions to improve HIV testing rates and care entry if HIV positive. METHODS: This first phase of a two-phase study used a Comprehensive Health Seeking and Coping Paradigm-based semi-structured interview guide (SSIG) to conduct 10 focus groups of 2-5 African Americans recruited from a large STI Clinic. Content analysis of the focus group transcripts was done using line-by-line analysis, and reviewing sentences and phrases for patterns or core meanings. Patterns were refined and synthesized into descriptive statements. An iterative process of comparison was used to further analyze the data, moving between individual elements of the text specific to participant responses. Meanings that were implicit rather than explicit in the text; and of one whole account with another were used to identify overall patterns of meaning. RESULTS: Of the 38 African American adults recruited, 16 were female with ages 18-49 (M =23) and 22 were male with ages 18-49 (M=29.5). All self identified as heterosexual with most reporting low income and no health insurance. Within the context of barriers and facilitators to SRT, eight themes emerged: Familiarity, Stigma, Fear, Access, Immediacy, Ease, Degree of Responsibility, and Trust. Each theme was not seen exclusively as a barrier or facilitator but was interpreted to be one or the other depending on the aspect of HIV testing being discussed. A gender sub analysis revealed themes of health maintenance and illness management for females and males respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Since there has not been an increase in HIV testing rates in AA’s even with newer SRT technology. The findings support the need to assess barriers and facilitators to testing decisions in order to increase testing rates. The themes also suggest the need for tailored community based interventions that decrease fear, stigma and increase trust in testing methods and providers for HIV and STI screening.Item Learning from Black/African American Participants: Applying the Integrated Behavioral Model to Assess Recruitment Strategies for a Glaucoma Genetic Study(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Kikut, Ava; Sanyal, Mohima; Vaughn, Marquis; Ridley-Merriweather, Katherine Ellen; Head, Katharine; Salowe, Rebecca; Lomax-Reese, Sara; Lewis, Monica; Ross, Ahmara G.; Cui, Qi N.; Addis, Victoria; Sankar, Prithvi S.; Miller-Ellis, Eydie; O’Brien, Joan M.; Communication Studies, School of Liberal ArtsThe underrepresentation of African American (AA) participants in medical research perpetuates racial health disparities in the United States. Open-ended phone interviews were conducted with 50 AA adults from Philadelphia who had previously participated in a genetic study of glaucoma that included complimentary ophthalmic screenings. Recruitment for the genetic study was done in partnership with a Black-owned radio station. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts, guided by the integrated behavior model (IBM), identified self-reported motivations for participating in this care-focused and community-promoted research program. Findings revealed that decisions to enroll were influenced by strong instrumental attitudes regarding learning more about personal health and contributing to future care options for others. Notable normative influences that factored into participants’ decisions to enroll in the study included hearing about the study from a respected community media outlet, friends, and family. About one-third of respondents discussed past and current racial discrimination in medical research as an important sociocultural frame within which they thought about participation, suggesting that experiential attitudes play a continuing role in AA’s decisions to enroll in medical research studies. Medical researchers seeking to recruit AA participants should collaborate with community partners, combine enrollment opportunities with access to health services, and emphasize the potential for new research to mitigate racial inequalities.Item The Sexual Health Needs of Adolescent Boys Involved in a Pregnancy(Elsevier, 2019-01-14) Ott, Mary A.; Wells, Matthew; Imburgia, Teresa M.; Yang, Ziyi; Tu, Wanzhu; Auerswald, Colette L.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineObjectives: Little is known about fatherhood in middle adolescence. In order to better understand their sexual health needs, we describe relationship characteristics, perception of masculinity and associated STI risk behaviors in a community-based sample of urban middle adolescent boys who have fathered a child or been involved with a pregnancy. Methods: We employed venue-based sampling to recruit 339 boys (14-17 years old) in neighborhoods with high STI prevalence. We administered a brief survey on sexual, relationship and pregnancy history, STI risk, juvenile justice involvement, and masculinity. Results: Fifteen percent had either fathered a child or been involved with a pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, controlling for age and ethnicity, adolescent fathers were more likely to be involved with juvenile justice and engage in STI risk behaviors. These included condom non-use and partner checking a cell phone. Although of borderline significance, older partners, past STI testing, and drug or alcohol use at last sex improved model fit. Conclusion: Adolescent fathers have distinct relational and sexual health needs. Their specific needs should be targeted by prevention programs. Implications and Contribution: Most research on young men involved in pregnancy is with older adolescents/young adults, and in clinical or institutional settings. Using community engagement and venue-based sampling, this study describes sexual behaviors, masculinity, and relationship characteristics among 14-17 year old boys who have caused a pregnancy. Findings identify their distinct sexual health needs.