Browsing by Subject "Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA)"

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    Alcohol Use Disorder, Psychiatric Comorbidities, Marriage and Divorce in a High-risk Sample
    (American Psychological Association, 2022) Thomas, Nathaniel S.; Kuo, Sally I-Chun; Aliev, Fazil; McCutcheon, Vivia V.; Meyers, Jacquelyn M.; Chan, Grace; Hesselbrock, Victor; Kamarajan, Chella; Kinreich, Sivan; Kramer, John R.; Kuperman, Samuel; Lai, Dongbing; Plawecki, Martin H.; Porjesz, Bernice; Schuckit, Marc A.; Dick, Danielle M.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Salvatore, Jessica E.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Objective: To examine associations between alcohol use disorder (AUD), its psychiatric comorbidities, and their interactions, with marital outcomes in a diverse high-risk, genetically informative sample. Method: Participants included European ancestry (EA; n = 4,045) and African ancestry (AA; n = 1,550) individuals from the multigenerational Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) sample (56% female, Mage ∼ 41 years). Outcomes were lifetime marriage and divorce. Predictors included lifetime AUD, an alcohol problems polygenic score (PRS), and AUD comorbidities, including conduct or antisocial personality disorder (ASP), cannabis dependence/abuse (CAN), frequent tobacco use (TOB), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Mixed effect Cox models and generalized linear mixed effects models were fit. Results: Among EA participants, those with AUD and CAN were less likely to marry (hazard ratios [HRs] 0.70-0.83, ps < 0.01). Among AA participants, those with AUD and TOB were less likely to marry (HRs 0.66-0.82, ps < 0.05) and those with MDD were more likely to marry (HR = 1.34, ps < 0.01). Among EA participants, AUD, CAN, TOB, and MDD were associated with higher odds of divorce (odds ratios [ORs] 1.59-2.21, ps < 0.01). Among AA participants, no predictors were significantly associated with divorce. Significant random effects indicated genetic and environmental influences on marriage, but only environmental factors on divorce. Conclusions: In a high-risk sample, AUD was associated with reduced likelihood of marriage in EA and AA individuals and increased risk of divorce in EA individuals. These associations were largely independent of comorbidities. Genetic and environmental background factors contributed to marriage, while only environmental background factors contributed to divorce.
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    Trauma Exposure and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Youth in a High-Risk Family Study: Associations with Maternal and Paternal Alcohol Use Disorder
    (Taylor & Francis, 2020) Bender, Annah K.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Edenberg, Howard J.; Kramer, John R.; Anokhin, Andrey P.; Meyers, Jacquelyn L.; Kuperman, Samuel; Hesselbrock, Victor; Hesselbrock, Michie; McCutcheon, Vivia V.; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine
    This study presents findings regarding the prevalence of trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) based on discrete types of trauma (physical, sexual, witnessed violence, and non-assaultive trauma) among 3404 youth in a family study of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) were used to examine associations of parent AUD with offspring's childhood trauma exposure, and with lifetime diagnosis of DSM-IV PTSD among White and Black participants aged 12-35. Of 3404 youth, 59.7% had parents affected by AUD and 78% experienced ≤1 traumatic events before age 18. AUD in one or both parents was associated with physical, sexual, and witnessed violence among Whites. Among African Americans, maternal AUD was associated with sexual assault. The lifetime PTSD rate among youth exposed to childhood trauma was 8.6%, and mother-only AUD was significantly associated with lifetime PTSD among participants in both groups. PTSD among youth in this study were somewhat higher (7.9% to 8.83%) than those found in general population studies of the same demographic (5% to 6.8%). Maternal AUD appears to be a salient risk factor for sexual assault before age 18 among Black and development of lifetime PTSD among White youth.