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Browsing by Subject "Climate change"
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Item Call for papers: A special issue on tackling emerging infectious diseases(Elsevier, 2021-08-04) Frederickson, Robert M.; Herzog, Roland W.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineItem Climate change threatens drinking water quality across the Great Lakes(The Conversation US, Inc., 2020-04-29) Filippeli, Gabriel; Ortiz, Joseph D.; Earth Sciences, School of ScienceItem Decision 2020 Electing Indiana's Future: Addressing 21st Century Environmental Challenges(2020-09) Kharbanda, Jesse; McCabe, Janet; Frank, Indra; Hoffman, JillItem Geophysical evidence for Holocene lake-level change in southern California (Dry Lake)(Wiley, 2010) Bird, Broxton W.; Kirby, Matthew E.; Howat, Ian M.; Tulaczyk, Slawek; Earth Sciences, School of ScienceGround penetrating radar (GPR) data are used in combination with previously published sediment cores to develop a Holocene history of basin sedimentation in a small, alpine lake in southern California (Dry Lake). The GPR data identify three depositional sequences spanning the past 9000 calendar years before present (cal. yr BP). Sequence I represents the first phase of an early Holocene highstand. A regression between <8320 and >8120 cal. yr BP separates Sequence I from Sequence II, perhaps associated with the 8200 cal. yr BP cold event. Sequence II represents the second phase of the early-to-mid Holocene highstand. Sequence IIIa represents a permanent shift to predominantly low lake stands beginning ∼5550 cal. yr BP. This mid-Holocene shift was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in sedimentation rate as well as a contraction of the basin's area of sedimentation. By ∼1860 cal. yr BP (Sequence IIIb), the lake was restricted to the modern, central basin. Taken together, the GPR and core data indicate a wet early Holocene followed by a long-term Holocene drying trend. The similarity in ages of the early Holocene highstand across the greater southern California region suggests a common external forcing – perhaps modulation of early Holocene storm activity by insolation. However, regional lake level records are less congruous following the initial early Holocene highstand, which may indicate a change in the spatial domain of climate forcing(s) throughout the Holocene in western North America.Item One Health, climate change, and infectious microbes: a joint effort between AGU and ASM to understand impacts of changing climate and microbes on human well-being across scales(American Society for Microbiology, 2024) Jutla, Antarpreet; Filippelli, Gabriel M.; McMahon, Katherine D.; Tringe, Susannah G.; Colwell, Rita R.; Nguyen, Helen; Imperiale, Michael J.; Earth Sciences, School of ScienceItem Our Hot Future Has Arrived—Are We Prepared?(Wiley, 2023-09-20) Filippelli, Gabriel M.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of ScienceClimate change has significantly enhanced dangerous heat events. Many of our institutions are ill‐prepared to provide science‐informed and rapid interventions to confront this. The GeoHealth community is working to bring science, public health, and medical professionals closer together to grapple with the challenges posed by extreme heat.Item Sky View Factor Measurements in Support of Local Climate Zone Classification(Indiana View, 2020) Adhikari, Bikalpa; Wilson, Jeffrey S.; Geography, School of Liberal ArtsIncreasing urbanization coupled with threats from global climate change are driving research innovations that seek to inform sustainability of urban socio-ecological systems. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification system developed by Stewart and Oke (2012) provides a framework for examining relationships between urban morphology and temperature, as well as a standardized approach to facilitate data integration from around the globe. In addition to urban heat island studies, parameters used to define LCZs are increasingly applied in related fields, such as modeling fine-scale variations in urban air quality (Badach et al., 2020).Item Spring phenology alters vegetation drought recovery(Springer, 2023-02) Wang, Lixin; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of ScienceA changing climate is altering vegetation phenology and likely impacts drought frequency and severity. Changes in vegetation phenology have some unexpected consequences on the trajectories of drought recovery.Item Successful cryopreservation of coral larvae using vitrification and laser warming(Springer Nature, 2018-10-24) Daly, Jonathan; Zuchowicz, Nikolas; Lendo, C. Isabel Nuñez; Khosla, Kanav; Lager, Claire; Henley, E. Michael; Bischof, John; Kleinhans, F.W.; Lin, Chiahsin; Peters, Esther C.; Hagedorn, Mary; Physics, School of ScienceClimate change has increased the incidence of coral bleaching events, resulting in the loss of ecosystem function and biodiversity on reefs around the world. As reef degradation accelerates, the need for innovative restoration tools has become acute. Despite past successes with ultra-low temperature storage of coral sperm to conserve genetic diversity, cryopreservation of larvae has remained elusive due to their large volume, membrane complexity, and sensitivity to chilling injury. Here we show for the first time that coral larvae can survive cryopreservation and resume swimming after warming. Vitrification in a 3.5 M cryoprotectant solution (10% v/v propylene glycol, 5% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide, and 1 M trehalose in phosphate buffered saline) followed by warming at a rate of approximately 4,500,000 °C/min with an infrared laser resulted in up to 43% survival of Fungia scutaria larvae on day 2 post-fertilization. Surviving larvae swam and continued to develop for at least 12 hours after laser-warming. This technology will enable biobanking of coral larvae to secure biodiversity, and, if managed in a high-throughput manner where millions of larvae in a species are frozen at one time, could become an invaluable research and conservation tool to help restore and diversify wild reef habitats.Item Water clarity response to climate warming and wetting of the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau: A remote sensing approach(Elsevier, 2021-11) Zhang, Yibo; Shi, Kun; Zhang, Yunlin; Moreno-Madriñán, Max Jacobo; Xu, Xuan; Zhou, Yongqiang; Qin, Boqiang; Zhu, Guangwei; Jeppesen, Erik; Environmental Health Science, School of Public HealthWater clarity (generally quantified as the Secchi disk depth: SDD) is a key variable for assessing environmental changes in lakes. Using remote sensing we calculated and elucidated the SDD dynamics in lakes in the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Lake Zone (IMXL) from 1986 to 2018 in response to variations in temperature, rainfall, lake area, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Palmer's drought severity index (PDSI). The results showed that the lakes with high SDD values are primarily located in the Xinjiang region at longitudes of 75°–93° E. In contrast, the lakes in Inner Mongolia at longitudes of 93°–118° E generally have low SDD values. In total, 205 lakes show significant increasing SDD trends (P < 0.05), with a mean rate of 0.15 m per decade. In contrast, 75 lakes, most of which are located in Inner Mongolia, exhibited significant decreasing trends with a mean rate of 0.08 m per decade (P < 0.05). Pooled together, an overall increase is found with a mean rate of 0.14 m per decade. Multiple linear regression reveals that among the five variables selected to explain the variations in SDD, lake area accounts for the highest proportion of variance (25%), while temperature and rainfall account for 12% and 10%, respectively. In addition, rainfall accounts for 52% of the variation in humidity, 8% of the variation in lake area and 7% of the variation in NDVI. Temperature accounts for 27% of the variation in NDVI, 39% of the variation in lake area and 22% of the variation in PDSI. Warming and wetting conditions in IMXL thus promote the growth of vegetation and cause melting of glaciers and expansion of lake area, which eventually leads to improved water quality in the lakes in terms of higher SDD. In contrast, lakes facing more severe drought conditions, became more turbid.