Browsing by Subject "Cerebrovascular disorders"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Cerebrovascular disease emerges with age and Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome
    (Springer Nature, 2024-05-29) Lao, Patrick; Edwards, Natalie; Flores‑Aguilar, Lisi; Alshikho, Mohamad; Rizvi, Batool; Tudorascu, Dana; Rosas, H. Diana; Yassa, Michael; Christian, Bradley T.; Mapstone, Mark; Handen, Benjamin; Zimmerman, Molly E.; Gutierrez, Jose; Wilcock, Donna; Head, Elizabeth; Brickman, Adam M.; Neurology, School of Medicine
    Adults with Down syndrome have a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and evidence of cerebrovascular disease across the AD continuum, despite few systemic vascular risk factors. The onset and progression of AD in Down syndrome is highly age-dependent, but it is unknown at what age cerebrovascular disease emerges and what factors influence its severity. In the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome study (ABC-DS; n = 242; age = 25-72), we estimated the age inflection point at which MRI-based white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS), microbleeds, and infarcts emerge in relation to demographic data, risk factors, amyloid and tau, and AD diagnosis. Enlarged PVS and infarcts appear to develop in the early 30s, while microbleeds, WMH, amyloid, and tau emerge in the mid to late 30s. Age-residualized WMH were higher in women, in individuals with dementia, and with lower body mass index. Participants with hypertension and APOE-ε4 had higher age-residualized PVS and microbleeds, respectively. Lifespan trajectories demonstrate a dramatic cerebrovascular profile in adults with Down syndrome that appears to evolve developmentally in parallel with AD pathophysiology approximately two decades prior to dementia symptoms.
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    Foci of increased T2 signal intensity on brain MR scans of healthy elderly subjects
    (American Society of Neuroradiology, 1989) Hendrie, Hugh C.; Farlow, Martin R.; Guerriero Austrom, Mary; Edwards, Mary K.; Williams, Michael A.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Foci of increased T2 signal intensity were found on brain MR scans in 16 (59%) of 27 healthy elderly volunteer subjects, ages 63 to 86 years old. These foci were not related to cognitive function or cerebrovascular risk factors; instead, they were highly correlated to age, being present in 11 of 11 subjects aged 75 years and over.
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    A pilot study on biaxial mechanical, collagen microstructural, and morphological characterizations of a resected human intracranial aneurysm tissue
    (Springer Nature, 2021-02-10) Laurence, Devin W.; Homburg, Hannah; Yan, Feng; Tang, Qinggong; Fung, Kar‑Ming; Bohnstedt, Bradley N.; Holzapfel, Gerhard A.; Lee, Chung‑Hao; Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine
    Intracranial aneurysms (ICAs) are focal dilatations that imply a weakening of the brain artery. Incidental rupture of an ICA is increasingly responsible for significant mortality and morbidity in the American’s aging population. Previous studies have quantified the pressure-volume characteristics, uniaxial mechanical properties, and morphological features of human aneurysms. In this pilot study, for the first time, we comprehensively quantified the mechanical, collagen fiber microstructural, and morphological properties of one resected human posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm. The tissue from the dome of a right posterior inferior cerebral aneurysm was first mechanically characterized using biaxial tension and stress relaxation tests. Then, the load-dependent collagen fiber architecture of the aneurysm tissue was quantified using an in-house polarized spatial frequency domain imaging system. Finally, optical coherence tomography and histological procedures were used to quantify the tissue’s microstructural morphology. Mechanically, the tissue was shown to exhibit hysteresis, a nonlinear stress-strain response, and material anisotropy. Moreover, the unloaded collagen fiber architecture of the tissue was predominantly aligned with the testing Y-direction and rotated towards the X-direction under increasing equibiaxial loading. Furthermore, our histological analysis showed a considerable damage to the morphological integrity of the tissue, including lack of elastin, intimal thickening, and calcium deposition. This new unified characterization framework can be extended to better understand the mechanics-microstructure interrelationship of aneurysm tissues at different time points of the formation or growth. Such specimen-specific information is anticipated to provide valuable insight that may improve our current understanding of aneurysm growth and rupture potential.
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    Stroke Incidence and Outcome in a Population With COVID-19
    (Sage, 2022) Alkhalifah, Moayd M.; Banda, Ramzi; Alqudihy, Shukri; Qureshi, Shireen; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background and purpose: COVID-19 is associated with systemic thromboembolism including stroke. The study evaluated the 30-days stroke incidence in SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive patients and described the outcome of such patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test between March 1st, 2020 and August 30th, 2020. The study included COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized and had a stroke within 30 days from the positive PCR test. Results: During the study period, there were 4301 patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Of those, 1786 patients (41.5%) were hospitalized and 4 patients developed a stroke within 30 days. The 30-days stroke incidence was 0.09% and 0.2% of all and hospitalized patients, respectively. The mean age of stroke patients was 78 years and 2 died during the same hospitalization. The 4 patients had comorbidities, one had pre-existing atrial fibrillation and all had ischemic stroke. Conclusion: This study showed a low 30-day incidence of stroke among COVID-19 patients.