Browsing by Subject "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"

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    Impact of Social Vulnerability on Comorbid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the United States
    (Elsevier, 2022-09-20) Ganatra, Sarju; Dani, Sourbha S.; Kumar, Ashish; Khan, Safi U.; Wadhera, Rishi; Neilan, Tomas G.; Thavendiranathan, Paaladinesh; Barac, Ana; Hermann, Joerg; Leja, Monika; Deswal, Anita; Fradley, Michael; Liu, Jennifer E.; Sadler, Diego; Asnani, Aarti; Baldassarre, Lauren A.; Gupta, Dipti; Yang, Eric; Guha, Avirup; Brown, Sherry-Ann; Stevens, Jennifer; Hayek, Salim S.; Porter, Charles; Kalra, Ankur; Baron, Suzanne J.; Ky, Bonnie; Virani, Salim S.; Kazi, Dhruv; Nasir, Khurram; Nohria, Anju; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Racial and social disparities exist in outcomes related to cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to study the impact of social vulnerability on mortality attributed to comorbid cancer and CVD. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database (2015-2019) was used to obtain county-level mortality data attributed to cancer, CVD, and comorbid cancer and CVD. County-level social vulnerability index (SVI) data (2014-2018) were obtained from the CDC's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. SVI percentiles were generated for each county and aggregated to form SVI quartiles. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were estimated and compared across SVI quartiles to assess the impact of social vulnerability on mortality related to cancer, CVD, and comorbid cancer and CVD. Results: The AAMR for comorbid cancer and CVD was 47.75 (95% CI: 47.66-47.85) per 100,000 person-years, with higher mortality in counties with greater social vulnerability. AAMRs for cancer and CVD were also significantly greater in counties with the highest SVIs. However, the proportional increase in mortality between the highest and lowest SVI counties was greater for comorbid cancer and CVD than for either cancer or CVD alone. Adults <45 years of age, women, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics had the highest relative increase in comorbid cancer and CVD mortality between the fourth and first SVI quartiles, without significant urban-rural differences. Conclusions: Comorbid cancer and CVD mortality increased in counties with higher social vulnerability. Improved education, resource allocation, and targeted public health interventions are needed to address inequities in cardio-oncology.
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    Plasticity and Axonal Sprouting of Contralateral Cortex after Unilateral Traumatic Brain Injury
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Alsaadi, Naif; Wang, Junmei; Jin, Xiaoming
    Abstract According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 1.7 million Americans experience Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) annually and about 52,000 of them die. TBI results in a primary injury of brain tissue. It can also cause a secondary damage as well depending on the severity of the injury, which could lead to different types of dysfunctions such as persistent motor or cognitive deficits. We hypothesize that cortical injury from unilateral TBI will cause plasticity and axon sprouting of the contralateral cortex, which may contribute to functional compensation and recovery. Controlled cortical impact (CCI) is a methods used in our research laboratory to create TBI models in rats and mice. To test our hypothesis, one hemisphere of each mouse brain is moderately injured by the CCI technique to allow us to determine if there is significant axon sprouting in the contralateral cortex. Axon sprouting is expected to occur at certain time period after the injury. To determine the existence and the timing of axon sprouting, two sets of CCI and sham mice were used for histological analysis at two different time points after CCI. The first set contains 4 sham and 6 CCI mice and examined at 6 weeks post-injury; the second set contains 4 sham and 6 CCI mice and examined at 3 weeks post-injury. Immunostaining to growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) will be used to detect sprouting axons in the injured cortex. However, the brains are currently in process for the staining. . Further data collection and image analysis will be needed to obtain the results and findings of the research.