Browsing by Subject "Caries detection"

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    Quantification of minerals associated to enamel caries process by raman spectroscopy
    (2020) Sungkapreecha, Siras; Masatoshi, Ando; Lippert, Frank; Hara, Anderson
    Background: Stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) is a nondestructive tool for biochemical characterization of tissues. The aims were: 1) To evaluate the ability of SRS and Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy (SpRS) to differentiate among sound, demineralized and remineralized bovine enamel by phosphate and carbonate ratio (P/C-Ratio); and 2) To determine the correlation between the outcomes of transverse microradiography (TMR: Integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) and lesion depth) and P/C-Ratio. Material and Methods: Thirty, 5×5×2-mm ground and polished bovine enamel blocks were prepared. The surface was divided into 3 equal areas. Each area was chemically demineralized (demin) by Carbopol demineralized solution for 0 (Sound-Demin), 24 (24h-Demin), and 48h (48h-Demin), respectively. Then, specimens were sectioned for TMR analysis, and the remaining one part of each specimen was remineralized (remin) for 15days using a pH-cycling model (Sound-Remin, 24hD-Remin=24h-Demin and remineralization, 48hD-Remin = 48h-Demin and remineralization). Demin and remin groups were scanned to obtain P/C-Ratio by SpRS and SRS. SRS was further scanned from 0 (surface) up to 100 µm into the dentine at 10-µm intervals. Remineralized specimens were sectioned for TMR analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare between TMR and SpRS/SRS. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to correlate among TMR, SpRS, and SRS. A 5-percent significance level was used for each test. Results: As demin time increased, both ΔZ and lesion depth were increased. After remineralization, both values were decreased. There were significant differences between demine and remin groups and between demin times. For SpRS, Sound-Demin had significantly larger P/C-Ratio than 24h-Demin and 48h-Demin (p ≤ 0.001). The 24h-Demin had significantly larger values than 48h-Demin (p = 0.048). Sound-Remin had larger P/C-Ratio than 24hD-Remin (p = 0.316) and 48hD-Remin (p = 0.015). 24hD-Remin was larger than 48hD-Remin (p = 0.269). 24hD-Remin had significantly larger P/C-Ratio than 24h-Demin (p ≤ 0.001). 48hD-Remin had significantly larger P/C-Ratio than 48h-Demin (p ≤ 0.001). For SRS, at surface (0 µm), for demin group, Sound-Demin had significantly larger P/C-Ratio than 24h-Demin (p = 0.020) and 48h-Demin (p = 0.032). 24h-Demin had larger value than 48h-Demin; but no significant difference (p = 0.117). Among remin groups, Sound-Remin was not statistical significance different for 24hD-Remin (p = 0.172) and 48hD-Remin (p = 0.134). However, 24hD-Remin was smaller; but not statistical significance different from 48hD-Remin (p = 0.688). At deeper levels (10 µm to 100µm), it was found that 1) After demineralization, Sound-Demin had significantly larger P/C-Ratio than 24h-Demin and 48h-Demin at 0 µm to 20 µm, and 80 µm to 100µm; Sound-Demin had significantly larger P/C-Ratio than 48h-Demin; and no statistical significance differences were found among Sound-Demin and 24h-Demin, 24h-Demin and 48h-Demin. 2) After remineralization, no statistical significance differences were found among Sound-Remin, 24hD-Remin, and 48hD-Remin. 3) Sound-Demin had significantly larger P/C-Ratio than Sound-Remin at 0 µm ,10 µm, 20 µm; and no statistical significance differences were found at levels deeper than 30 µm. 4) No statistical significance differences were found between 24h-Demin and 24hD-Remin from 0 µm to 70µm; and 24hD-Remin had significantly larger P/C-Ratio than 24h-Demin from 80 µm to 100 µm. 5) No statistical significance differences were found between 48h-Demin and 48hD-Remin. For correlation, moderate correlation was found between SpRS demineralized/remineralized groups and ΔZ, and between SpRS demineralized groups and lesion depth. Conclusion: SpRS and SRS have the potential to quantify demineralization through calculation of the phosphate and carbonate ratio. In addition, SpRS can detect the change of remineralization. A nondestructive caries detection approach using SpRS and SRS would be beneficial in clinical practice.
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    The Association of Dietary Fluoride Intake and Diet Variables with Dental Caries in Adolescents from the ELEMENT Cohort Study
    (Karger, 2021) Cantoral, Alejandra; Muñoz-Rocha, Teresa V.; Luna-Villa, Lynda; Mantilla-Rodriguez, Andres; Ureña-Cirett, José L.; Castiblanco, Gina A.; Solano, Maritsa; Howard, Hu H.; Peterson, Karen E.; Téllez-Rojo, Martha M.; Martínez-Mier, Esperanza A.; Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry
    To examine the association of dietary fluoride intake, total carbohydrate consumption and other key dietary variables with dental caries experience among adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a sample of 402 participants from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants cohort. The presence and severity of dental caries were assessed using the Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to calculate the number of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth or Surfaces (D1MFT/D4MFT). Dietary intake of fluoride, energy, carbohydrates and food groups was estimated using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and negative binomial regression models were run to estimate the association of fluoride intake (mg/d) and total carbohydrate intake (g/d) with the D1MFT/D4MFT index. We found that 80% of adolescents experienced dental caries (D1MFT>0), with 30% presenting cavitated lesions (D4MFT>0). Mean scores for D1MFT and D4MFT were 6.2 (SD 5.3) and 0.67 (SD 1.3), respectively. The median intake of fluoride estimated by the FFQ was 0.015 mg/d, this intake was statistically higher in those participants with a D4MFT=0 than those with a D4MFT>0 (0.90 vs 0.82 mg/d; 0.016 mg/Kg/d vs 0.014 mg/Kg/d, p<0.05). For D1MFT, D1MFS, D4MFT and D4MFS scores, there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of lesions with higher fluoride consumption (mg/d) from foods and beverages. The reported frequency of consumption of sugary foods in a whole day was statistically higher in those with D1MFT>0 than those with D1MFT=0 (p<0.05). Total carbohydrate intake (g/d) was positively associated with dental caries experience. We conclude that higher fluoride intake through foods and beverages was associated with lower dental caries experience among adolescents; this effect was seen even when the dietary intake of fluoride was 0.015mg/kg/d, which is lower than the average intake recommendation. In contrast, a higher amount of total carbohydrate intake and the frequency of intake of sugary foods were associated with higher dental caries experience, with no apparent threshold for the effects.