Browsing by Subject "COVID-19 infection"

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    COVID-Associated Cast-Forming Cholangiopathy: A Commentary on Disease Mechanism, Treatment, and Prognosis
    (Dove Press, 2023-03-28) Sarkis, Yara; Saleem, Nasir; Vuppalanchi, Raj; Gromski, Mark; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The complete impact of COVID-19 infection continues to develop since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 cholangiopathy has been recently described in a subset of patients who recovered from severe COVID-19 infection. The most common phenotype of patients suffering from COVID-19 cholangiopathy had severe infection requiring a stay in the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation and vasopressor medications. Patients with COVID-cholangiopathy present with severe and prolonged cholestatic liver injury. In cases where biliary cast formation is identified, we defined the entity as “COVID-19 cast-forming cholangiopathy”. This subset of COVID-19 cholangiopathy is not well understood and there are no standardized diagnosis or management to this date. The reported clinical outcomes are variable, from resolution of symptoms and liver test abnormalities to liver transplant and death. In this commentary, we discuss the proposed pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of this disease.
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    Interaction of the inflammatory response and megakaryocytes in COVID-19 infection
    (Elsevier, 2021-09) Battina, Hanisha L.; Alentado, Vincent J.; Srour, Edward F.; Moliterno, Alison R.; Kacena, Melissa A.; Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine
    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly across the world and has resulted in more than 4.2 million global deaths as of July 30, 2021. For reasons that remain unknown, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinically manifests itself in various levels of severity, with most patients positive for COVID-19 being asymptomatic or having only mild symptoms. However, clinical studies in severely ill patients have implicated that manifestations of this infection are due in part to abnormal megakaryocyte (MK) behavior. Additionally, COVID-19–associated cytokine storms have been found to induce aberrant MK formation, primarily through interleukin-6 and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. Autopsy reports have revealed significantly higher rates of MKs in the pulmonary and cardiac systems, which may be responsible for the high rate of thrombotic complications and abnormal coagulopathies in patients with severe forms of COVID-19. This review examines MKs and their potential function in the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.