Browsing by Subject "Butyrate"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Associations of Habitual Dietary Intake With Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Bowel Functions in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Calderon, Gerardo; Patel, Chirag; Camilleri, Michael; James-Stevenson, Toyia; Bohm, Matthew; Siwiec, Robert; Rogers, Nicholas; Wo, John; Lockett, Carolyn; Gupta, Anita; Xu, Huiping; Shin, Andrea; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background goals: Diet may contribute to symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and luminal production of putative IBS biomarkers including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Study aims were to to assess relationships of habitual fiber or starch intake with fecal SCFAs in patients with IBS and healthy volunteers (HVs). Study: In 18 HVs and 30 patients with IBS (13 constipation-predominant [IBS-C] and 17 diarrhea-predominant [IBS-D]), habitual diet using a food frequency questionnaire; bowel functions using a validated bowel diary; and fecal SCFAs by HPLC-mass spectrometry were assessed. Associations of fiber and starch with SCFAs were analyzed using Spearman (rs) and Pearson (R) correlations. Relationships between other dietary endpoints, SCFAs, and bowel functions were explored. Results: Habitual fiber or starch intakes were not significantly correlated with SCFAs or bowel functions in all participants or HVs nor with SCFAs in IBS. Starch was negatively correlated (R=-0.53; P=0.04) with complete evacuation in IBS-D. Fiber (rs=0.65; P=0.02) and starch (rs=0.56; P=0.05) were correlated with ease of passage in IBS-C. Stool form, frequency, and ease of passage were positively correlated with total SCFAs (all P<0.05), acetate (all P<0.01), propionate (all P<0.05), and butyrate (form P=0.01; ease of passage P=0.05) among all participants, but not in IBS. Complete evacuation was negatively correlated with propionate (R=-0.34; P=0.04) in all participants. Total (P=0.04) and individual SCFAs (all P<0.05) were positively correlated with stool form in HVs. Conclusions: Habitual fiber and starch intake does not influence fecal SCFAs but may influence bowel functions in IBS. Fecal SCFAs correlate with bowel functions among all participants including HVs.
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    Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-08-19) Allegretti, Jessica R.; Kelly, Colleen R.; Grinspan, Ari; Mullish, Benjamin H.; Hurtado, Jonathan; Carrellas, Madeline; Marcus, Jenna; Marchesi, Julian R.; McDonald, Julie A.K.; Gerardin, Ylaine; Silverstein, Michael; Pechlivanis, Alexandros; Barker, Grace F.; Blanco, Jesus Miguens; Alexander, James L.; Gallagher, Kate I.; Pettee, Will; Phelps, Emmalee; Nemes, Sara; Sagi, Sashidhar V.; Bohm, Matthew; Kassam, Zain; Fischer, Monika; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a clinical challenge. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a recurrent CDI therapy. Anecdotal concerns exist regarding worsening of IBD activity; however, prospective data among IBD patients are limited. Methods: Secondary analysis from an open-label, prospective, multicenter cohort study among IBD patients with 2 or more CDI episodes was performed. Participants underwent a single FMT by colonoscopy (250 mL, healthy universal donor). Secondary IBD-related outcomes included rate of de novo IBD flares, worsening IBD, and IBD improvement-all based on Mayo or Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) scores. Stool samples were collected for microbiome and targeted metabolomic profiling. Results: Fifty patients enrolled in the study, among which 15 had Crohn's disease (mean HBI, 5.8 ± 3.4) and 35 had ulcerative colitis (mean partial Mayo score, 4.2 ± 2.1). Overall, 49 patients received treatment. Among the Crohn's disease cohort, 73.3% (11 of 15) had IBD improvement, and 4 (26.6%) had no disease activity change. Among the ulcerative colitis cohort, 62% (22 of 34) had IBD improvement, 29.4% (11 of 34) had no change, and 4% (1 of 34) experienced a de novo flare. Alpha diversity significantly increased post-FMT, and ulcerative colitis patients became more similar to the donor than Crohn's disease patients (P = 0.04). Conclusion: This prospective trial assessing FMT in IBD-CDI patients suggests IBD outcomes are better than reported in retrospective studies.
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    Manipulating the microbiome to enhance oral tolerance in food allergy
    (Elsevier, 2022-12) Gonzalez-Visiedo, Miguel; Kulis, Michael D.; Markusic , David M.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Loss of oral tolerance (OT) to food antigens results in food allergies. One component of achieving OT is the symbiotic microorganisms living in the gut (microbiota). The composition of the microbiota can drive either pro-tolerogenic or pro-inflammatory responses against dietary antigens though interactions with the local immune cells within the gut. Products from bacterial fermentation, such as butyrate, are one of the main communication molecules involved in this interaction, however, this is released by a subset of bacterial species. Thus, strategies to specifically expand these bacteria with protolerogenic properties have been explored to complement oral immunotherapy in food allergy. These approaches either provide digestible biomolecules to induce beneficial bacteria species (prebiotics) or the direct administration of live bacteria species (probiotics). While this combined therapy has shown positive outcomes in clinical trials for cow's milk allergy, more research is needed to determine if this therapy can be extended to other food allergens.
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    Mathematical Modeling of the Gut–Bone Axis and Implications of Butyrate Treatment on Osteoimmunology
    (American Chemical Society, 2021) Islam, Mohammad Aminul; Cook, Carley V.; Smith, Brenda J.; Ford Versypt, Ashlee N.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
    Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the gut microbiota, has pivotal roles in the regulation of the immune system. Recent studies have revealed that butyrate increases the differentiation of peripheral regulatory T cells in the gut-bone axis and promotes osteoblasts' bone forming activity. However, the mechanism of the therapeutic benefit of butyrate in bone remodeling remains incompletely understood. Here, we develop a multicompartment mathematical model to quantitatively predict the contribution of butyrate on the expansion of regulatory T cells in the gut, blood, and bone compartments. We investigate the interplay between regulatory T cell-derived TGF-β and CD8+ T cell-derived Wnt-10b with changes in gut butyrate concentration. In addition, we connect our model to a detailed model of bone metabolism to study the impacts of butyrate and Wnt-10b on trabecular bone volume. Our results indicate both direct and indirect immune-mediated impacts of butyrate on bone metabolism.
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    Short-chain fatty acid and fecal microbiota profiles are linked to fibrosis in primary biliary cholangitis
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Lammert, Craig; Shin, Andrea S.; Xu, Huiping; Hemmerich, Christopher; O’Connell, Thomas M.; Chalasani, Naga; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The gut microbiota and metabolome could play a role in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) progression. We aimed to assess fecal microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in PBC according to fibrosis. In a cross-sectional study of 23 PBC patients, fecal microbiota and SCFAs were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Fecal acetate and SCFAs were higher in advanced fibrosis. Advanced fibrosis microbiota exhibited decreased alpha diversity, increased Weisella and a distinct community composition. SCFAs correlated with individual taxa in non-advanced fibrosis. Fecal microbiota and SCFAs correspond to fibrosis in PBC.