Browsing by Subject "Brazil"
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Item Brazil. Digital for Good: A Global Study on Emerging Ways of Giving(Indiana University, 2022-05) Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyItem Brazilian mystics say they’re sent by aliens to ‘jump-start human evolution’ – but their vision for a more just society is not totally crazy(The Conversation US, Inc., 2020-04-29) Hayes, Kelly E.; Religious Studies, School of Liberal ArtsItem Comparison of Institutional Arrangements for River Basin Management in Eight Basins(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005) Blomquist, William; Dinar, Ariel; Kemper, KarinThis study represents an effort toward understanding conditions that affect successful or unsuccessful efforts to devolve water resource management to the river basin level and secure active stakeholder involvement. A theoretical framework is used to identify potentially important variables related to the likelihood of success. Using a comparative case-study approach, the study examined river basins where organizations have been developed at the basin scale and where organizations perform management functions such as planning, allocation, and pricing of water supplies, flood prevention and response, and water quality monitoring and improvement. This paper compares the alternative approaches to basin governance and management adopted in the following river basins: the Alto-Tiete and Jaguaribe River Basins, Brazil; the Brantas River Basin, East Java, Indonesia; the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada; the Guadalquivir Basin, Spain; the Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia; the Tarcoles River Basin, Costa Rica; and the Warta River Basin, Poland. The analysis focuses on how management has been organized and pursued in each case in light of its specific geographical, historical, and organizational contexts and the evolution of institutional arrangements. The cases are also compared and assessed for their observed degrees of success in achieving improved stakeholder participation and integrated water resources management.Item Country Report 2018: Brazil(2018) Pannunzio, EduardoAssociations and foundations are registered in one of several Registries of Legal Persons, which are overseen by the Judiciary. Registries are, therefore, politically independent. The control that they provide is predominantly bureaucratic, and the interpretation of the applicable legislation—mainly the Civil Code—may vary among Registries. POs’ information from Registries are, however, neither integrated nor publicly available online.Item Development of Hepatitis C Virus Genotyping by Real-Time PCR Based on the NS5B Region(Public Library of Science, 2010-04-13) Nakatani, Sueli M.; Santos, Carlos A.; Riediger, Irina N.; Krieger, Marco A.; Duarte, Cesar A. B.; Lacerda, Marco A.; Biondo, Alexander W.; Carilho, Flair J.; Ono-Nita, Suzane K.; Medicine, School of MedicineHepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is the most significant predictor of the response to antiviral therapy. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel real-time PCR method for HCV genotyping based on the NS5B region. Methodology/Principal Findings Two triplex reaction sets were designed, one to detect genotypes 1a, 1b and 3a; and another to detect genotypes 2a, 2b, and 2c. This approach had an overall sensitivity of 97.0%, detecting 295 of the 304 tested samples. All samples genotyped by real-time PCR had the same type that was assigned using LiPA version 1 (Line in Probe Assay). Although LiPA v. 1 was not able to subtype 68 of the 295 samples (23.0%) and rendered different subtype results from those assigned by real-time PCR for 12/295 samples (4.0%), NS5B sequencing and real-time PCR results agreed in all 146 tested cases. Analytical sensitivity of the real-time PCR assay was determined by end-point dilution of the 5000 IU/ml member of the OptiQuant HCV RNA panel. The lower limit of detection was estimated to be 125 IU/ml for genotype 3a, 250 IU/ml for genotypes 1b and 2b, and 500 IU/ml for genotype 1a. Conclusions/Significance The total time required for performing this assay was two hours, compared to four hours required for LiPA v. 1 after PCR-amplification. Furthermore, the estimated reaction cost was nine times lower than that of available commercial methods in Brazil. Thus, we have developed an efficient, feasible, and affordable method for HCV genotype identification.Item Fray Luis de Granada en Brasil(2021) Mallorquí-Ruscalleda, EnricItem Gene therapy access: Global challenges, opportunities, and views from Brazil, South Africa, and India(Elsevier, 2022) Cornetta, Kenneth; Bonamino, Martín; Mahlangu, Johnny; Mingozzi, Federico; Rangarajan, Savita; Rao, Jayandharan; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineGene and cell therapies for a variety of life-limiting illnesses are under investigation, and a small number of commercial products have successfully obtained regulatory approval. The cost of treatment is high, and clinical studies evaluating safety and efficacy are performed predominately in high-income countries. We reviewed the current status of gene and cell therapies in low- and middle-income countries and highlighted the need and current barriers to access. The state of product development in Brazil, South Africa, and India is discussed, including lessons learned from American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy (ASGCT)-sponsored virtual symposia in each of these countries.Item Global Cardiothoracic Surgery in an Academic Career: Lessons from Brazil(Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery, 2023-08-04) Nina, Vinicius; Farkas, Emily; Ceppa, DuyKhanh; Marath, Aubyn; Surgery, School of MedicineItem Human Rights and the Environment in Prisons: A Case Study of Persons Deprived of Liberty in Porto Alegre Central Prison, Brazil, Before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights(2019-12) Pereira, Daniel NevesHuman rights and the Environment are in the process of an ongoing approximation that started in the 1972 Stockholm Declaration and had its heyday in 2018 when the Inter-American Court of Human Rights recognized an autonomous right to a healthy environment under the American Convention. The interdependence of both regimes shapes legal effects either of the civil and political rights or economic and social rights. Yet the ongoing approximation between the regime over the years, environmental rights are still neglected in prisons, even when hazards to the environment create poor conditions of detention, affecting life, health, dignity, and welfare of the inmates. This thesis will address the topic of human rights and the environment in prisons, studying the case Persons Deprived of Liberty in Porto Alegre Central Prison, Brazil, before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The study will focus on the differences of natures between human rights and environmental rights and their effects on the use of the machinery of the Inter-American system of protection of human rights. The objective of this study is to propose a new interpretation of the international human rights documents in the Inter-American system based on the approximation of both regimes and to bring new perspectives to the issues of justiciability and enforceability of the environmental rights in prisons in the regional system.