Browsing by Subject "Brain health"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Association Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Twice-Weekly Muscle-Strengthening Activities in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults: An Analysis of the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
    (Sage, 2024) Schroeder, Matthew W.; Waring, Molly E.; Fowler, Nicole R.; Mace, Ryan A.; Pagoto, Sherry L.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Purpose: Adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), the self-reported concern of reduced cognitive function, are recommended to do physical activity for its brain health benefits. US adults aged ≥45 with SCD are less likely to meet the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) aerobic activity recommendations. Their engagement in muscle-strengthening activities is unknown. We aimed to identify if US adults aged ≥45 with SCD are less likely to do twice-weekly muscle-strengthening activities compared to those without SCD. Design: Secondary analysis of the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. Sample: 114 164 respondents, representing approximately 59 million US adults aged ≥45. Measures: SCD was indicated if the respondent reported confusion or memory loss during the past 12 months (yes/no). Respondents reported the frequency of muscle-strengthening activities, which we categorized as meeting the ACSM's recommendations (2+ times per week) or not (<2 times per week). Analysis: Crude and adjusted logistic regression models controlling for variables associated with SCD and muscle-strengthening activities. The models used sample weights to represent US adults in the included 31 states and Washington D.C. Results: US adults aged ≥45 with SCD were less likely to do twice-weekly muscle-strengthening activities than those without SCD (28.6% [SE: .8%] vs 33.5% [SE: .3%], adjusted OR, .9; 95% CI: .9-1.0). Conclusion: Primary care providers should encourage middle-aged and older patients to engage in muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities.
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    Effectiveness of a Single Prolonged Aerobic Exercise Session on Executive Function Task Performance in Physically Active Adults (21-70 Years of Age)
    (MDPI, 2023-02-04) Yates, Brandon A.; Armstrong, Lawrence E.; Lee, Elaine C.; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Dadzie, Ekow, Jr.; Lopez, Virgilio, III; Williamson, Keith; Vingren, Jakob L.; Orkaby, Ariela R.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    We sought to examine the effectiveness of an acute prolonged exercise session on post-exercise executive function in physically active adults and to assess if age or pre-exercise cognitive performance was predictive of the magnitude of change in executive task performance. Self-registered cyclists were recruited prior to participating in a 161-km mass-participation cycling event. Cyclists were excluded if they had not previously participated in a similar endurance event, were young (<18 y), or were cognitively impaired (Mini CogTM < 3 units). Immediately after completing the exercise session, the time taken to complete Trail Making Test Part A and Part B (TMT A + B) was assessed. A faster time to complete the TMT A + B was observed after exercise (+8.5%; p = 0.0003; n = 62; age range = 21–70 y). The magnitude of change in TMT A + B performance (pre vs. post) was influenced by pre-exercise TMT A + B performance (r2 = 0.23, p < 0.0001), not age (r2 =0.002; p = 0.75). Prolonged exercise had a small-to-moderate effect on post-exercise compared to pre-exercise executive function task performance (Cohen’s d = 0.38–0.49). These results support the effectiveness of a single prolonged exercise bout to augment executive function in physically active adults, irrespective of age.
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    Understanding barriers to and facilitators of clinician-patient conversations about brain health and cognitive concerns in primary care: a systematic review and practical considerations for the clinician
    (Springer Nature, 2023-11-06) Borson, Soo; Small, Gary W.; O’Brien, Quentin; Morrello, Andrea; Boustani, Malaz; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Primary care clinicians (PCCs) are typically the first practitioners to detect cognitive impairment in their patients, including those with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD). However, conversations around cognitive changes can be challenging for patients, family members, and clinicians to initiate, with all groups reporting barriers to open dialogue. With the expanding array of evidence-based interventions for ADRD, from multidomain care management to novel biotherapeutics for early-stage AD, incorporating conversations about brain health into routine healthcare should become a standard of care. We conducted a systematic review to identify barriers to and facilitators of brain health conversations in primary care settings. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for qualitative or quantitative studies conducted in the US between January 2000 and October 2022 that evaluated perceptions of cognition and provider-patient brain health conversations prior to formal screening for, or diagnosis of, mild cognitive impairment or ADRD. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: In total, 5547 unique abstracts were screened and 22 articles describing 19 studies were included. The studies explored perceptions of cognition among laypersons or clinicians, or provider-patient interactions in the context of a patient's cognitive concerns. We identified 4 main themes: (1) PCCs are hesitant to discuss brain health and cognitive concerns; (2) patients are hesitant to raise cognitive concerns; (3) evidence to guide clinicians in developing treatment plans that address cognitive decline is often poorly communicated; and (4) social and cultural context influence perceptions of brain health and cognition, and therefore affect clinical engagement. Conclusions: Early conversations about brain health between PCCs and their patients are rare, and effective tools, processes, and strategies are needed to make these vital conversations routine.