Browsing by Subject "Black adults"

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    Barriers and facilitators to participating in Alzheimer’s disease biomarker research in Black and White older adults
    (Wiley, 2023-06-05) Eliacin, Johanne; Polsinelli, Angelina J.; Epperson, Francine; Gao, Sujuan; Van Heiden, Sarah; Westmoreland, Glenda; Richards, Ralph; Richards, Mollie; Campbell, Christopher; Hendrie, Hugh; Risacher, Shannon L.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Wang, Sophia; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction: The study examined Black and White prospective participants' views of barriers to and facilitators of participation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker research. Methods: In a mixed-methods study, 399 community-dwelling Black and White older adults (age ≥55) who had never participated in AD research completed a survey about their perceptions of AD biomarker research. Individuals from lower socioeconomic and education backgrounds and Black men were over-sampled to address perspectives of traditionally under-represented groups. A subset of participants (n = 29) completed qualitative interviews. Results: Most participants expressed interest in biomarker research (overall 69%). However, Black participants were comparatively more hesitant than White participants (28.9% vs 15.1%), were more concerned about study risks (28.9% vs 15.1%), and perceived multiple barriers to participating in brain scans. These results persisted even after adjusting for trust and perceived knowledge of AD. Information was a primary barrier (when absent) and incentive (when provided) for AD biomarker research participation. Black older adults desired more information about AD (eg, risk, prevention), general research processes, and specific biomarker procedures. They also desired return of results to make informed decisions about their health, research-sponsored community awareness events, and for researchers to mitigate the burden placed on participants in research (eg, transportation, basic needs). Conclusion: Our findings increase representativeness in the literature by focusing on individuals with no history of AD research experience and those from traditionally underrepresented groups in research. Results suggest that the research community needs to improve information sharing and raising awareness, increase their presence in the communities of underrepresented groups, reduce incidental costs, and provide valuable personal health information to participants to increase interest. Specific recommendations for improving recruitment are addressed. Future studies will assess the implementation of evidence-based, socioculturally sensitive recruitment strategies to increase enrollment of Black older adults into AD biomarker studies. HIGHLIGHTS: Individuals from under-represented groups are interested in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker research. After adjusting for trust and AD knowledge, Black participants were still more hesitant .Information is a barrier (when absent) to and incentive (when given) for biomarker studies. Reducing burden (e.g., transportation) is essential for recruiting Black older adults.
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    Serial Cardiac Troponin Measurements: A Prediction Tool for Heart Failure Risk in Black Patients?
    (Elsevier, 2023-01) Ilonze, Onyedika J.; Alexis, Jeffrey D.; Onwuanyi, Anekwe; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Black adults are disproportionately affected by heart failure (HF), and incident HF rates are increasing in Black adults, who also have higher risks of hospitalization and age-adjusted mortality due to HF than White adults. These disparities in HF have, in part, been attributed to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, inadequate treatment of HF and underuse of HF guideline-directed medical therapy. Understanding novel factors that may contribute to the heterogeneity of HF in Black individuals remains an unmet need. Tools that can be used for early detection of incident HF are potentially impactful because early detection can open the window for preventive or therapeutic strategies that reduce the risk of future clinical HF. Biomarkers, such as natriuretic peptides and high-sensitivity troponins, may represent emerging tools to better predict risk of incident HF in vulnerable populations at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to the reduced detection threshold of current assays. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs-cTns) are specific and sensitive biomarkers of myocardial injury, whereas elevated natriuretic peptide levels in response to increased wall stretch due to volume or pressure overload are associated with increased risk of incident HF in adults.