Browsing by Subject "Awareness"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Associations between Cortical Thickness and Metamemory in Alzheimer’s Disease
    (Springer, 2022) Duran, Tugce; Woo, Ellen; Otero, Diana; Risacher, Shannon L.; Stage, Eddie; Sanjay, Apoorva B.; Nho, Kwangsik; West, John D.; Phillips, Meredith L.; Goukasian, Naira; Hwang, Kristy S.; Apostolova, Liana G.; Neurology, School of Medicine
    Metacognitive deficits affect Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient safety and increase caregiver burden. The brain areas that support metacognition are not well understood. 112 participants from the Imaging and Genetic Biomarkers for AD (ImaGene) study underwent comprehensive cognitive testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging. A performance-prediction paradigm was used to evaluate metacognitive abilities for California Verbal Learning Test-II learning (CVLT-II 1-5) and delayed recall (CVLT-II DR); Visual Reproduction-I immediate recall (VR-I Copy) and Visual Reproduction-II delayed recall (VR-II DR); Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Copy (Rey-O Copy) and delayed recall (Rey-O DR). Vertex-wise multivariable regression of cortical thickness was performed using metacognitive scores as predictors while controlling for age, sex, education, and intracranial volume. Subjects who overestimated CVLT-II DR in prediction showed cortical atrophy, most pronounced in the bilateral temporal and left greater than right (L > R) frontal cortices. Overestimation of CVLT-II 1-5 prediction and DR performance in postdiction showed L > R associations with medial, inferior and lateral temporal and left posterior cingulate cortical atrophy. Overconfident prediction of VR-I Copy performance was associated with right greater than left medial, inferior and lateral temporal, lateral parietal, anterior and posterior cingulate and lateral frontal cortical atrophy. Underestimation of Rey-O Copy performance in prediction was associated with atrophy localizing to the temporal and cingulate areas, and in postdiction, with diffuse cortical atrophy. Impaired metacognition was associated to cortical atrophy. Our results indicate that poor insight into one's cognitive abilities is a pervasive neurodegenerative feature associated with AD across the cognitive spectrum.
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    Awareness data on cervical cancer among females of rural and urban areas of Haryana, India
    (Elsevier, 2024-02-07) Yadav, Ritu; Chauhan, Meenakshi B.; Yadav, Chetna; Ranga, Shalu; Ahuja, Parul; Tanwar, Mukesh; Balhara, Nikita; Kadian, Lokesh; Chauhan, Preeti; Tanwar, Neha; Ahlawat, Chavi; Medicine, School of Medicine
    A cross-sectional study was done to assess the degree of current awareness and behaviors about cervical cancer among females in urban and rural areas of North India. This survey was conducted on one thousand females (500 rural and 500 urban). A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect information about participants’ knowledge on cancer of cervix uteri such as age, height and weight measurements, marital status, menstrual status, personal hygiene, age at menarche, sexual history, pregnancy and abortion history, use of contraceptive pills for birth-control, smoking, alcohol consumption, and other relevant information. The data was collected by conducting face-to-face interviews after obtaining the verbal consent of the participants. The data has the potential to reduce disease burden by spreading awareness about symptoms and risk factors of cervical cancer as well as implementation of effective early screening strategies.
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    Clay Work as a Mindfulness-Based Practice
    (2019) Vespini, Sarah; Leigh, Heather
    This single subject study sought to explore the potential connection between Clay Work and components of mindfulness using the State Mindfulness Scale for Clay Work (SMS-CW). The study was done by an art therapy graduate student, who was the sole participant of the three week-long study. The researcher was not kept to a time limit when working with clay, and after every session completed the SMS-CW. It was hypothesized that the researcher’s self-reported scores on the SMS-CW taken after working with clay would show a connection between Clay Work and the components of mindfulness measured by this instrument. Key finding indicated the potential for Clay Work to promote similar benefits as mindfulness based practices.
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    Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere - From Prevention to Detection and Equitable Access to Care
    (Medknow Publications, 2020-03) Li, Philip Kam-Tao; Garcia-Garcia, Guillermo; Lui, Siu-Fai; Andreoli, Sharon; Fung, Winston Wing-Shing; Hradsky, Anne; Kumaraswami, Latha; Liakopoulos, Vassilios; Rakhimova, Ziyoda; Saadi, Gamal; Strani, Luisa; Ulasi, Ifeoma; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; World Kidney Day Steering Committee; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing with a projection of becoming the 5th most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. Aggravatingly, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume up to 3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries. Crucially, however, the onset and progression of CKD is often preventable. In 2020, the World Kidney Day campaign highlights the importance of preventive interventions - be it primary, secondary or tertiary. This complementing article focuses on outlining and analyzing measures that can be implemented in every country to promote and advance CKD prevention. Primary prevention of kidney disease should focus on the modification of risk factors and addressing structural abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tracts, as well as exposure to environmental risk factors and nephrotoxins. In persons with pre-existing kidney disease, secondary prevention, including blood pressure optimization and glycemic control, should be the main goal of education and clinical interventions. In patients with advanced CKD, management of co-morbidities such as uremia and cardiovascular disease is a highly recommended preventative intervention to avoid or delay dialysis or kidney transplantation. Political efforts are needed to proliferate the preventive approach. While national policies and strategies for non-communicable diseases might be present in a country, specific policies directed toward education and awareness about CKD screening, management and treatment are often lacking. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals and policy makers.
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    Metacognitive Awareness of Facial Affect in Higher-Functioning Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    (Springer, 2016-03) McMahon, Camilla M.; Henderson, Heather A.; Newell, Lisa; Jaime, Mark; Mundy, Peter; Department of Psychology, School of Science
    Higher-functioning participants with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) viewed a series of face stimuli, made decisions regarding the affect of each face, and indicated their confidence in each decision. Confidence significantly predicted accuracy across all participants, but this relation was stronger for participants with typical development than participants with ASD. In the hierarchical linear modeling analysis, there were no differences in face processing accuracy between participants with and without ASD, but participants with ASD were more confident in their decisions. These results suggest that individuals with ASD have metacognitive impairments and are overconfident in face processing. Additionally, greater metacognitive awareness was predictive of better face processing accuracy, suggesting that metacognition may be a pivotal skill to teach in interventions.
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    Photos Shared on Facebook in the Context of Safe Sleep Recommendations: Content Analysis of Images
    (JMIR, 2024-04-23) Pretorius, Kelly; Kang, Sookja; Choi, Eunju; School of Nursing
    Background: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) remains a leading cause of infant mortality; therefore, understanding parental practices of infant sleep at home is essential. Since social media analyses yield invaluable patient perspectives, understanding sleep practices in the context of safe sleep recommendations via a Facebook mothers' group is instrumental for policy makers, health care providers, and researchers. Objective: This study aimed to identify photos shared by mothers discussing SUID and safe sleep online and assess their consistency with infant sleep guidelines per the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). We hypothesized the photos would not be consistent with guidelines based on prior research and increasing rates of accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. Methods: Data were extracted from a Facebook mothers' group in May 2019. After trialing various search terms, searching for the term "SIDS" on the selected Facebook group resulted in the most relevant discussions on SUID and safe sleep. The resulting data, including 20 posts and 912 comments among 512 mothers, were extracted and underwent qualitative descriptive content analysis. In completing the extraction and subsequent analysis, 24 shared personal photos were identified among the discussions. Of the photos, 14 pertained to the infant sleep environment. Photos of the infant sleep environment were then assessed for consistency with safe sleep guidelines per the AAP standards by 2 separate reviewers. Results: Of the shared photos relating to the infant sleep environment, 86% (12/14) were not consistent with AAP safe sleep guidelines. Specific inconsistencies included prone sleeping, foreign objects in the sleeping environment, and use of infant sleeping devices. Use of infant monitoring devices was also identified. Conclusions: This study is unique because the photos originated from the home setting, were in the context of SUID and safe sleep, and were obtained without researcher interference. Despite study limitations, the commonality of prone sleeping, foreign objects, and the use of both infant sleep and monitoring devices (ie, overall inconsistency regarding AAP safe sleep guidelines) sets the stage for future investigation regarding parental barriers to practicing safe infant sleep and has implications for policy makers, clinicians, and researchers.