Browsing by Subject "Antiviral treatment"

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    39. Viruses and Schizophrenia: Implications for Pathophysiology and Treatment
    (Oxford University Press, 2018-04) Breier, Alan; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Overall Abstract: The viral hypothesis of schizophrenia posits that viral infections disrupts cortical circuits that give rise to schizophrenia psychopathology. Prenatal viral exposure during key neurodevelopmental periods, either through direct effects on fetal brain or exposure to excessive maternal cytokines and other chemokines, have been implicated. In addition, abnormal activation of dormant neuro-viruses have been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Activation of dormant viruses has potentially important treatment implication for therapies, such as valacyclovir, that suppress viral activity. Among the viruses that have been mostly frequently associated with schizophrenia include herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The purpose of this symposium is to focus on the role of viruses in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and results of antiviral treatment trials in this illness.
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    The resurgence of monkeypox: Epidemiology, clinical features, and public health implications in the post-smallpox eradication era
    (Elsevier, 2024-09-24) Singh, Parminder; Sridhar, Sathvik Belagodu; Shareef, Javedh; Talath, Sirajunisa; Mohapatra, Priyanka; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Ballal, Suhas; Kaur, Mandeep; Nathiya, Deepak; Sharma, Shilpa; Prasad, G. V. Siva; Sinha, Aashna; Varma, Amit; Bushi, Ganesh; Gaidhane, Abhay M.; Satapathy, Prakasini; Shabil, Muhammed; Sah, Renu; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Sah, Ranjit; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The recent global resurgence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox), primarily transmitted via close contact and respiratory droplets, highlights a significant shift in its epidemiology, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This resurgence underscores the need for robust public health responses and improved surveillance. This comprehensive review of current literature focuses on recent outbreaks, virology, and available treatments. Epidemiological data were gathered from various international health reports and analysed to understand transmission dynamics and outbreak patterns. Mpox, characterised by symptoms like fever and rash, has shown variable clinical presentations, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. Recent outbreaks have prompted the development of new diagnostic methods and treatments, including antivirals like Tecovirimat and vaccines such as MVA-BN. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing infection, which is crucial for outbreak containment. The global response to the Mpox resurgence requires integrated strategies combining vaccination, antiviral treatments, and public health policies tailored to high-risk populations. Future efforts should focus on vaccine distribution equity and enhancing diagnostic capabilities to effectively manage and mitigate the impact of Mpox.