- Browse by Subject
Browsing by Subject "Antiviral"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item From the Cochrane Library: Interventions for Pityriasis Rosea(JMIR, 2023-06-05) Méndez, Alejandra; Stevens, Carly; Murina, Andrea; Dermatology, School of MedicineItem Metabolism and function of hepatitis B virus cccDNA: Implications for the development of cccDNA-targeting antiviral therapeutics.(Elsevier, 2015-10) Guo, Ju-Tao; Guo, Haitao; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, IU School of MedicinePersistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection relies on the stable maintenance and proper functioning of a nuclear episomal form of the viral genome called covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA. One of the major reasons for the failure of currently available antiviral therapeutics to achieve a cure of chronic HBV infection is their inability to eradicate or inactivate cccDNA. In this review article, we summarize our current understanding of cccDNA metabolism in hepatocytes and the modulation of cccDNA by host pathophysiological and immunological cues. Perspectives on the future investigation of cccDNA biology, as well as strategies and progress in therapeutic elimination and/or transcriptional silencing of cccDNA through rational design and phenotypic screenings, are also discussed. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on “An unfinished story: from the discovery of the Australia antigen to the development of new curative therapies for hepatitis B.”Item The use of antivirals in the treatment of human monkeypox outbreaks: a systematic review(Elsevier, 2023) Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib; Padhi, Bijaya Kumar; Satapathy, Prakasini; Veeramachaneni, Sai D.; Chatterjee, Chandrima; Tripathy, Snehasish; Akhtar, Naushaba; Pradhan, Anindita; Dwivedi, Pradeep; Mohanty, Aroop; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Sah, Ranjit; Al-Tammemi, Ala’a B.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Nowrouzi-Kia, Behdin; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Medicine, School of MedicineObjectives: Human monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is a recently declared public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. Besides, there is scant literature available on the use of antivirals in MPXV infection. This systematic review compiles all evidence of various antivirals used on their efficacy and safety and summarizes their mechanisms of action. Methods: A review was done of all original studies mentioning individual patient data on the use of antivirals in patients with MPXV infection. Results: Of the total 487 non-duplicate studies, 18 studies with 71 individuals were included. Tecovirimat was used in 61 individuals, followed by cidofovir in seven and brincidofovir (BCV) in three individuals. Topical trifluridine was used in four ophthalmic cases in addition to tecovirimat. Of the total, 59 (83.1%) were reported to have complete resolution of symptoms; one was experiencing waxing and waning of symptoms, only one (1.8%) had died, and the others were having a resolution of symptoms. The death was thought unrelated to tecovirimat. Elevated hepatic panels were reported among all individuals treated with BCV (leading to treatment discontinuation) and five treated with tecovirimat. Conclusion: Tecovirimat is the most used and has proven beneficial in several aggravating cases. No major safety concerns were detected upon its use. Topical trifluridine was used as an adjuvant treatment option along with tecovirimat. BCV and cidofovir were seldom used, with the latter often being used due to the unavailability of tecovirimat. BCV was associated with treatment discontinuation due to adverse events.Item Valganciclovir inhibits human adenovirus replication and pathology in permissive immunosuppressed female and male Syrian hamsters(MDPI AG (Basel, Switzerland), 2015-03-23) Toth, Karoly; Ying, Baoling; Tollefson, Ann E.; Spencer, Jacqueline; Balakrishnan, Lata; Sagartz, John E.; Buller, Robert Mark; Wold, William S.M.; Department of Biology, School of ScienceAdenovirus infections of immunocompromised pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients can develop into serious and often deadly multi-organ disease. There are no drugs approved for adenovirus infections. Cidofovir (an analog of 2-deoxycytidine monophosphate) is used at times but it can be nephrotoxic and its efficacy has not been proven in clinical trials. Brincidofovir, a promising lipid-linked derivative of cidofovir, is in clinical trials. Ganciclovir, an analog of 2-deoxyguanosine, has been employed occasionally but with unknown efficacy in the clinic. In this study, we evaluated valganciclovir against disseminated adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) infection in our permissive immunosuppressed Syrian hamster model. We administered valganciclovir prophylactically, beginning 12 h pre-infection or therapeutically starting at Day 1, 2, 3, or 4 post-infection. Valganciclovir significantly increased survival, reduced viral replication in the liver, and mitigated the pathology associated with Ad5 infection. In cultured cells, valganciclovir inhibited Ad5 DNA replication and blocked the transition from early to late stage of infection. Valganciclovir directly inhibited Ad5 DNA polymerase in vitro, which may explain, at least in part, its mechanism of action. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are approved to treat infections by certain herpesviruses. Our results support the use of valganciclovir to treat disseminated adenovirus infections in immunosuppressed patients.