Browsing by Subject "Anthropometry"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    A Comparison of Radiographic, Photographic and Anthropometric Assessments of Craniofacial Asymmetry
    (2002) Reese, Steven A.; Hartsfield, James K., Jr.; Everett, Eric T.; Hohlt, William F.; Shanks, James; Ward, Richard E.
    A series of 56 orthodontic patients from the ages of 9 to 48 were involved in a prospective study on craniofacial asymmetry at Indiana University Department of Oral Facial Development. Each of the 56 individuals had fourteen bilateral anthropometric facial measurements made which were used to quantify asymmetry based on the anthropometric technique. Standard orthodontic records were taken and routine clinical exams were performed. Fourteen bilateral landmarks similar to the anthropometric landmarks were identified and measured from posterior-anterior cephalometric radiographs. Asymmetry scores for each individual were calculated using the same mathematical method as with the anthropometric data. The correlation of the two methods was calculated statistically using Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient. In addition, 26 clinicians evaluated the same patients from frontal photographs and gave each individual an overall score based on his or her apparent asymmetry. These average scores from the examiners were compared statistically to the total asymmetry scores from both the radiographic and the anthropometric data. The hypothesis was that the anthropometric data and the radiographic data would be more closely correlated with each other than either would be with the photographic data (examiner's scores). Data in this study support the hypothesis. Although some significant correlations exist between radiographic and anthropometric methods, the correlation is not high. Neither of the methods shows a correlation with the photographic data. Different measurement techniques measure different aspects of asymmetry with different errors associated with it, and clinical decisions based only on one method must be interpreted with caution.
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    Craniofacial variation and growth in the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome
    (Wiley, 1987-12) Meaney, F. John; Butler, Merlin G.; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine
    A study of anthropometric variation and craniofacial growth in individuals with the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PLWS) illustrates the utility of anthropometry in clinical evaluation and research. Anthropometric measurements, including head length and breadth, minimum frontal diameter, and head circumference, were obtained on 38 PLWS individuals (21 with chromosome 15 deletions) with an age range from 2 weeks to 39 years. No anthropometric differences were found between the two chromosome subgroups. A relative deceleration in the growth of certain craniofacial dimensions (head circumference and length) is suggested by the negative correlations between age and Z-scores for the measurements. Raw values for minimum frontal diameter and head breadth were near or below the 5th percentile curve, while almost all values for head length and circumference fell within normal limits. The data support suggestions that dolichocephaly be considered an early diagnostic feature of PLWS. Furthermore, the status of narrow bifrontal diameter as a major feature of PLWS is confirmed.
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    Estimating the weight of children in Nepal by Broselow, PAWPER XL and Mercy method
    (Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 2018) Shrestha, Karun; Subedi, Prakriti; Pandey, Oshna; Shakya, Likhita; Chhetri, Kailash; House, Darlene R.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: Resuscitation of a critically-ill child requires an accurate weight for fluids and medication dosing; however, weighing children on a scale while critically ill is not always practical. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of three different weight estimation methods (Broselow, PAWPER XL and Mercy tape) of children presenting to Patan Hospital, Nepal. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study that included children presenting to the emergency department and under-fourteen outpatient clinic at Patan Hospital. Measured weight was compared to estimated weight of Broselow, PAWPER XL, and Mercy tapes. The mean percentage error and percentage of estimated weights that were within 10% (PW10) and 20% (PW20) of actual weight were calculated. Acceptable accuracy was determined as a PW10>70% and PW20>95%. A Bland-Altman analysis was done to determine agreement between each weight estimation method and actual weight. RESULTS: The study included 813 children. The mean age was 4.2 years (ranging from 4 days to 14 years) with 60% male. The mean percentage error (MPE) for Broselow, PAWPER XL and Mercy were -1.0% (SD 11.8), 0.7% (10.5) and 4.2% (11.9) respectively. The predicted weight within 10% was highest for the PAWPER XL (71.5%) followed by Broselow (63.2%) and Mercy (58.1%). The predicted weight within 20% of actual weight was 95.2%, 91.5% and 91.3% for PAWPER XL, Broselow and Mercy respectively. CONCLUSION: The PAWPER XL tape was the only method found to be accurate in estimating the weight of Nepalese children.
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    Growth of young HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in western Kenya: A retrospective chart review
    (Public Library of Science, 2019-12-04) McHenry, Megan S.; Apondi, Edith; Ayaya, Samuel O.; Yang, Ziyi; Li, Wenfang; Tu, Wanzhu; Bi, Guanying; Sang, Edwin; Vreeman, Rachel C.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Introduction The objective of this study was to determine the growth patterns, rates of malnutrition, and factors associated with malnutrition in children born to HIV-infected mothers in western Kenya using data from an electronic medical record system. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of HIV-infected (HIV+) and–exposed (HEU) children (<5 years) using data collected prospectively in the course of routine clinical care and stored in the electronic medical record system in western Kenya between January 2011 and August 2016. Demographics and anthropometrics were described, with Chi-square testing to compare proportions. Multiple variable logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates of children being stunted, underweight, and wasted. We also examined growth curves, using a resampling method to compare the areas under the fitted growth curves to compare males/females and HIV+/HEU. Results Data from 15,428 children were analyzed. The children were 51.6% (n = 7,955) female, 5.2% (n = 809) orphans, 83.3% (n = 12,851) were HEU, and 16.7% (n = 2,577) were HIV+. For HIV+ children assessed at 24 months, 50.9% (n = 217) were stunted, 26.5% (n = 145) were underweight, and 13.6% (n = 58) were wasted, while 45.0% (n = 577) of HEU children were stunted, 14.8% (n = 255) were underweight, and 5.1% (n = 65) were wasted. When comparing mean z-scores, HIV+ children tended to have larger and earlier dips in z-scores compared to HIV-exposed children, with significant differences found between the two groups (p<0.001). Factors associated with an increased risk of malnutrition included being male, HIV+, and attending an urban clinic. Maternal antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy and mixed feeding at 3 months of age decreased the risk of malnutrition. Conclusions HIV+ and HEU children differ in their anthropometrics, with HIV+ children having overall lower z-scores. Continued efforts to develop and implement sustainable and effective interventions for malnutrition are needed for children born to HIV+ mothers.
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    Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association
    (2016-12) Adams, Hieab H. H.; Hibar, Derrek P.; Chouraki, Vincent; Stein, Jason L.; Nyquist, Paul A.; Rentería, Miguel E.; Trompet, Stella; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Seshadri, Sudha; Desrivières, Sylvane; Beecham, Ashley H.; Jahanshad, Neda; Wittfeld, Katharina; Foroud, Tatiana M.; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine
    Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five previously unknown loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci were also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρgenetic = 0.748), which indicates a similar genetic background and allowed us to identify four additional loci through meta-analysis (Ncombined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, and Parkinson's disease, and were enriched near genes involved in growth pathways, including PI3K-AKT signaling. These findings identify the biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and their link to physiological and pathological traits.
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    Precision and accuracy assessment of single and multicamera three-dimensional photogrammetry compared with direct anthropometry
    (Allen Press, 2022) Staller, Sable; Anigbo, Justina; Stewart, Kelton; Dutra, Vinicius; Turkkahraman, Hakan; Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry
    Objectives: To assess the precision and accuracy of single-camera photogrammetry (SCP) and multicamera photogrammetry (MCP) compared with direct anthropometry (DA). Materials and methods: A total of 30 participants were recruited, and 17 soft tissue landmarks were identified and used to complete a total of 16 measurements. Using SCP and MCP, two three-dimensional (3D) images were acquired from each participant. All 3D measurements and direct measurements were measured twice by the same operator to assess intraexaminer repeatability. Intraclass coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate intraexaminer repeatability and interexaminer agreement of the methods. Nonparametric bootstrap analyses were used to compare the means of the measurements among the three methods. Results: All three methods showed excellent intraexaminer repeatability (ICCs > 0.90), except interpupillary distance (ICC = 0.86) measured by SCP. Both SCP and MCP showed excellent interexaminer agreement (ICCs > 0.90), except interpupillary distance (ICC = 0.79), left gonion-pogonion (ICC = 0.74), and columella-subnasale-labrale superior angle (ICC = 0.86) measured by SCP. Overall, there was good agreement between methods, except for columella-subnasale-labrale superior angle (ICC = 0.40) between SCP and MCP. Conclusions: Both SCP and MCP techniques were found to be reliable and valid options for 3D facial imaging. SCP produced slightly larger mean values for several measurements, but the differences were within a clinically acceptable range. Because of the larger margin of errors, measurements including the gonial area and subnasale should be assessed with caution.