Browsing by Subject "Alcohol Drinking"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 43
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    Alcohol consumption mediates the relationship between ADH1B and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder and criteria
    (Alcohol Research Documentation, 2014-07) Kilcoyne, Bari; Shmulewitz, Dvora; Meyers, Jacquelyn L.; Aharonovich, Efrat; Greenstein, Eliana; Frisch, Amos; Weizman, Abraham; Spivak, Baruch; Edenberg, Howard J.; Gelertner, Joel; Hasin, Deborah S.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IU School of Medicine
    OBJECTIVE: A single nucleotide variation in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene, rs1229984, produces an ADH1B enzyme with faster acetaldehyde production. This protective variant is associated with lower alcohol consumption and lower risk for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Based on the premise that faster ADH1B kinetics decreases alcohol consumption, we formally tested if the association between ADH1B variant rs1229984 and AUDs occurs through consumption. We also tested whether the association between rs1229984 and each of the 11 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), AUD criteria occurs through consumption. METHOD: A total of 1,130 lifetime drinkers from an Israeli household sample were assessed with a structured interview and genotyped for rs1229984 (protective allele frequency = 0.28). Logistic regression evaluated the association between rs1229984 and each phenotype (AUDs, 11 individual DSM-IV criteria). For phenotypes significantly related to rs1229984, the effect through consumption was tested with logistic regression and bootstrapping. RESULTS: ADH1B rs1229984 was significantly associated with AUDs and six criteria, with odds ratios ranging from 1.32 to 1.96. The effect through consumption was significant for these relationships, explaining 23%-74% of the total ADH1B effect. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that ADH1B rs1229984 is related to 6 of the 11 DSM-IV AUD criteria and that alcohol consumption explained a significant proportion of these associations and the association of ADH1B with AUDs. Better understanding of the relationship between ADH1B and the DSM-IV AUD criteria, including effects through consumption, will enhance our understanding of the etiologic model through which AUDs can occur.
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    Alcohol enhances unprovoked 22-28 kHz USVs and suppresses USV mean frequency in High Alcohol Drinking (HAD-1) male rats
    (Elsevier, 2016-04-01) Thakore, Neha; Reno, James M.; Gonzales, Rueben A.; Schallert, Timothy; Bell, Richard L.; Maddox, W. Todd; Duvauchelle, Christine L.; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Heightened emotional states increase impulsive behaviors such as excessive ethanol consumption in humans. Though positive and negative affective states in rodents can be monitored in real-time through ultrasonic vocalization (USV) emissions, few animal studies have focused on the role of emotional status as a stimulus for initial ethanol drinking. Our laboratory has recently developed reliable, high-speed analysis techniques to compile USV data during multiple-hour drinking sessions. Since High Alcohol Drinking (HAD-1) rats are selectively bred to voluntarily consume intoxicating levels of alcohol, we hypothesized that USVs emitted by HAD-1 rats would reveal unique emotional phenotypes predictive of alcohol intake and sensitive to alcohol experience. In this study, male HAD-1 rats had access to water, 15% and 30% EtOH or water only (i.e., Controls) during 8 weeks of daily 7-h drinking-in-the-dark (DID) sessions. USVs, associated with both positive (i.e., 50-55 kHz frequency-modulated or FM) and negative (i.e., 22-28 kHz) emotional states, emitted during these daily DID sessions were examined. Findings showed basal 22-28 kHz USVs were emitted by both EtOH-Naïve (Control) and EtOH-experienced rats, alcohol experience enhanced 22-28 kHz USV emissions, and USV acoustic parameters (i.e., mean frequency in kHz) of both positive and negative USVs were significantly suppressed by chronic alcohol experience. These data suggest that negative affective status initiates and maintains excessive alcohol intake in selectively bred HAD-1 rats and support the notion that unprovoked emissions of negative affect-associated USVs (i.e., 22-28 kHz) predict vulnerability to excessive alcohol intake in distinct rodent models.
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    Alcohol Use Trajectories after High School Graduation among Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
    (Elsevier, 2014-08) Hanna, Kathleen M.; Stupiansky, Nathan W.; Weaver, Michael T.; Slaven, James E.; Stump, Timothy E.; IU School of Nursing
    Objective Explore alcohol involvement trajectories and associated factors during the year post-high school (HS) graduation among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods Youth (N=181) self-reported alcohol use at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year post-HS graduation. Data were also collected on parent-youth conflict, diabetes self-efficacy, major life events, living and educational situations, diabetes management, marijuana use, cigarette smoking, and glycemic control. Trajectories of alcohol use were modeled using latent class growth analysis. Associations between trajectory class and specific salient variables were examined using analysis of variance, chi square, or generalized linear mixed model, as appropriate. Results Identified alcohol involvement trajectory classes were labeled as: 1) Consistent Involvement Group (n=25, 13.8%) with stable, high use relative to other groups over the 12 months; 2) Growing Involvement Group (n=55, 30.4%) with increasing use throughout the 12 months; and 3) Minimal Involvement Group (n=101, 55.8%) with essentially no involvement until month nine. Those with minimal involvement had the best diabetes management and better diabetes self-efficacy than those with consistent involvement. In comparison to those minimally involved, those with growing involvement were more likely to live independently of parents; those consistently involved had more major life events; and both the growing and consistent involvement groups were more likely to have tried marijuana and cigarettes. Conclusions This sample of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes has 3 unique patterns of alcohol use during the first year after high school. Implication and Contribution Among youth with type 1 diabetes in the year post-HS graduation, alcohol involvement knowledge was extended by identifying patterns of such use. Further research of alcohol use patterns is needed to guide health care professionals in their assessments and researchers in testing interventions that target unique patterns.
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    Changes in Gene Expression within the Extended Amygdala following Binge-Like Alcohol Drinking by Adolescent Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats
    (Elsevier, 2014-02) McBride, William J.; Kimpel, Mark W.; McClintick, Jeanette N.; Ding, Zheng-Ming; Edenberg, Howard J.; Liang, Tiebing; Rodd, Zachary A.; Bell, Richard L.; Department of Psychiatry, IU School of Medicine
    The objective of this study was to determine changes in gene expression within the extended amygdala following binge-like alcohol drinking by male adolescent alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Starting at 28 days of age, P rats were given concurrent access to 15 and 30 % ethanol for 3 one-h sessions/day for 5 consecutive days/week for 3 weeks. Rats were killed by decapitation 3 h after the first ethanol access session on the 15th day of drinking. RNA was prepared from micropunch samples of the nucleus accumbens shell (Acb-sh) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Ethanol intakes were 2.5 – 3.0 g/kg/session. There were 154 and 182 unique named genes that significantly differed (FDR = 0.2) between the water and ethanol group in the Acb-sh and CeA, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses indicated that adolescent binge drinking produced changes in biological processes involved with cell proliferation and regulation of cellular structure in the Acb-sh, and in neuron projection and positive regulation of cellular organization in the CeA. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicated that, in the Acb-sh, there were several major intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., cAMP-mediated and protein kinase A signaling pathways) altered by adolescent drinking, with 3-fold more genes up-regulated than down-regulated in the alcohol group. The cAMP-mediated signaling system was also up-regulated in the CeA of the alcohol group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated significant G-protein coupled receptor signaling and transmembrane receptor protein kinase signaling categories in the Acb-sh and CeA, respectively. Overall, the results of this study indicated that binge-like alcohol drinking by adolescent P rats is differentially altering the expression of genes in the Acb-sh and CeA, some of which are involved in intracellular signaling pathways and may produce changes in neuronal function.
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    Co-administration of ethanol and nicotine: the enduring alterations in the rewarding properties of nicotine and glutamate activity within the mesocorticolimbic system of female alcohol-preferring (P) rats
    (Springer-Verlag, 2015-12) Deehan, Gerald A.; Hauser, Sheketha R.; Waeiss, R. Aaron; Knight, Christopher P.; Toalston, Jamie E.; Truitt, William A.; McBride, William J.; Rodd, Zachary A.; Department of Psychiatry, IU School of Medicine
    RATIONALE: The co-abuse of ethanol (EtOH) and nicotine (NIC) increases the likelihood that an individual will relapse to drug use while attempting to maintain abstinence. There is limited research examining the consequences of long-term EtOH and NIC co-abuse. OBJECTIVES: The current experiments determined the enduring effects of chronic EtOH, NIC, or EtOH + NIC intake on the reinforcing properties of NIC and glutamate (GLU) activity within the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system. METHODS: Alcohol-preferring (P) rats self-administered EtOH, Sacc + NIC, or EtOH + NIC combined for 10 weeks. The reinforcing properties of 0.1-3.0 μM NIC within the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) were assessed following a 2-3-week drug-free period using intracranial self-administration (ICSA) procedures. The effects of EtOH, Sacc, Sacc + NIC, or EtOH + NIC intake on extracellular levels and clearance of glutamate (GLU) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were also determined. RESULTS: Binge intake of EtOH (96-100 mg%) and NIC (21-27 mg/mL) were attained. All groups of P rats self-infused 3.0 μM NIC directly into the AcbSh, whereas only animals in the EtOH + NIC co-abuse group self-infused the 0.3 and 1.0 μM NIC concentrations. Additionally, self-administration of EtOH + NIC, but not EtOH, Sacc or Sacc + NIC, resulted in enduring increases in basal extracellular GLU levels in the mPFC. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the co-abuse of EtOH + NIC produced enduring neuronal alterations within the MCL which enhanced the rewarding properties of NIC in the AcbSh and elevated extracellular GLU levels within the mPFC.
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    Combining varenicline (Chantix) with naltrexone decreases alcohol drinking more effectively than does either drug alone in a rodent model of alcoholism
    (Wiley, 2016-09) Froehlich, Janice C.; Fischer, Stephen M.; Dilley, Julian E.; Nicholson, Emily; Smith, Teal; Filosa, Nick; Rademacher, Logan; Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine
    Background This study examined whether varenicline (VAR), or naltrexone (NTX), alone or in combination, reduces alcohol drinking in alcohol-preferring (P) rats with a genetic predisposition toward high voluntary alcohol intake. Methods Alcohol experienced P rats that had been drinking alcohol (15% v/v) for 2 hrs/day for 4 weeks were fed either vehicle (VEH), VAR alone (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg BW), NTX alone (10.0, 15.0 or 20.0 mg/kg BW) or VAR + NTX in one of four dose combinations (0.5 VAR + 10.0 NTX, 0.5 VAR + 15.0 NTX, 1.0 VAR + 10.0 NTX, or 1.0 VAR + 15.0 NTX) at 1 hour prior to alcohol access for 10 consecutive days and the effects on alcohol intake were assessed. Results When administered alone, VAR in doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg BW did not alter alcohol intake but a dose of 2.0 mg/kg BW decreased alcohol intake. This effect disappeared when drug treatment was terminated. NTX in doses of 10.0 and 15.0 mg/kg BW did not alter alcohol intake but a dose of 20.0 mg/kg BW decreased alcohol intake. Combining low doses of VAR and NTX into a single medication reduced alcohol intake as well as did high doses of each drug alone. Reduced alcohol intake occurred immediately after onset of treatment with the combined medication and continued throughout prolonged treatment. Conclusions Low doses of VAR and NTX, when combined in a single medication, reduce alcohol intake in a rodent model of alcoholism. This approach has the advantage of reducing potential side effects associated with each drug. Lowering the dose of NTX and VAR in a combined treatment approach that maintains efficacy while reducing the incidence of negative side-effects may increase patient compliance and improve clinical outcomes for alcoholics and heavy drinkers who want to reduce their alcohol intake.
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    Daily patterns of ethanol drinking in adolescent and adult, male and female, high alcohol drinking (HAD) replicate lines of rats
    (Elsevier, 2012-10) Dhaher, Ronnie; McConnell, Kathleen K.; Rodd, Zachary A.; McBride, William J.; Bell, Richard L.; Department of Psychiatry, IU School of Medicine
    The rationale for our study was to determine the pattern of ethanol drinking by the high alcohol-drinking (HAD) replicate lines of rats during adolescence and adulthood in both male and female rats. Rats were given 30 days of 24 h free-choice access to ethanol (15%, v/v) and water, with ad lib access to food, starting at the beginning of adolescence (PND 30) or adulthood (PND 90). Water and alcohol drinking patterns were monitored 22 h/day with a “lickometer” set-up. The results indicated that adolescent HAD-1 and HAD-2 males consumed the greatest levels of ethanol and had the most well defined ethanol licking binges among the age and sex groups with increasing levels of ethanol consumption throughout adolescence. In addition, following the first week of adolescence, male and female HAD-1 and HAD-2 rats differed in both ethanol consumption levels and ethanol licking behavior. Adult HAD-1 male and female rats did not differ from one another and their ethanol intake or licking behaviors did not change significantly over weeks. Adult HAD-2 male rats maintained a relatively constant level of ethanol consumption across weeks, whereas adult HAD-2 female rats increased ethanol consumption levels over weeks, peaking during the third week when they consumed more than their adult male counterparts. The results indicate that the HAD rat lines could be used as an effective animal model to examine the development of ethanol consumption and binge drinking in adolescent male and female rats providing information on the long-range consequences of adolescent alcohol drinking.
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    Early Impact of the U.S. COVID-19 Pandemic on Drinking Motives and Alcohol Use
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021) Prestigiacomo, Christiana J.; Liu, Melissa A.; Plawecki, Martin H.; Cyders, Melissa A.; Psychology, School of Science
    Background: The goal of this study was to empirically examine the degree to which alcohol use and drinking motives changed during the first month of the pandemic and to examine individual differences associated with such changes. Methods: A U.S. nationwide survey of 500 adults was conducted; data from 201 individuals (Mage=38.98, SD=12.04, 52.2% female, 76.1% White) who endorsed current alcohol use were included in this study. Results: Paired-samples t-tests indicated that there was a significant decrease in drinking quantity [t(199)=3.74, p<.001], but no change in drinking frequency [t(198)=0.19, p=.849] overall during the first month of the U.S. pandemic. There were significant decreases in enhancement [t(201)=4.55, p<.001], social [t(201)=9.39, p<.001] and conformity [t(201)=3.58, p<.001] motives, but a significant increase in coping motives [t(201)=-3.71, p<.001]. Regression analyses showed that increases in enhancement [β=0.46, p<.001] and coping [β=0.27, p=.004] motives were significantly related to increases in drinking frequency, and increases in coping motives [β=0.32, p=.002] were related to increases in drinking quantity. Riskier drinking prior to the pandemic was significantly related to greater increase in drinking quantity in the first month of the U.S. pandemic [β=0.31, p<.001]. Conclusion: Results of this study provide initial support that changes in drinking motives were important predictors for changes in alcohol use during the first month of the U.S. pandemic. Contrary to anecdotal reports, drinking decreased overall during the first month of the U.S. pandemic; however, those with existing risky patterns of drinking prior to the start of the U.S. pandemic were at greatest risk for drinking escalation during this time.
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    Effect of ketamine on binge drinking patterns in crossed high alcohol-preferring (cHAP) mice
    (Elsevier, 2021-12) Ardinger, Cherish E.; Winkler, Garrett; Lapish, Christopher C.; Grahame, Nicholas J.; Psychology, School of Science
    BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated the utility of subanesthetic doses of ketamine in decreasing binge (Drinking-in-the-Dark, or DID) 20% alcohol intake in female inbred (C57BL/6J) mice when administered 12 hours prior to alcohol access (Crowley et al., 2019). In the current study, we assess the efficacy of a similar ketamine pretreatment using male and female selectively bred, crossed High Alcohol Preferring (cHAP) mice, which also drink to intoxication, but are not inbred. We hypothesized that ketamine would decrease binge alcohol intake without impacting locomotor activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Subjects were 28 adult cHAP mice. Mice first received a 2-week DID drinking history using 2-h/day alcohol access. On day 12, prior to ketamine treatment, the average blood ethanol concentration (BEC) was 130 mg/dL, confirming that mice reliably reached intoxicating BECs. On day 15, mice were given 0, 3, or 10 mg/kg of ketamine 12 hours prior to the DID session. Ketamine did not decrease total (2-h) alcohol consumption or locomotion. Interestingly, the 10 mg/kg dose of ketamine did alter the drinking pattern in male mice, decreasing front-loading for a single day. We opted to then increase the doses to 32 or 100 mg/kg (i.e., an anesthetic dose) two days after the initial treatment, keeping the saline control. Mice of both sexes decreased total binge alcohol intake at the 100 mg/kg dose only, but again, the effect only lasted one day. CONCLUSIONS: The current study found that cHAP mice reached more than double the BECs observed in C57BL/6J mice during DID, but did not respond to subanesthetic ketamine. Modest efficacy was found for ketamine pretreatment at anesthetic doses. Differences in findings may be due to differential intake during DID, or genetic differences between C57Bl/6J mice and cHAP mice. Drug efficacy in multiple models is important for discovering reliable pharmacotherapies for alcoholism.