Browsing by Subject "Age factors"

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    Increased spatial dimensions of repetitive heat and cold stimuli in older women
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2017-05) Naugle, Kelly M.; Cruz-Almeida, Yenisel; Fillingim, Roger B.; Staud, Roland; Riley, Joseph L., III; Kinesiology, School of Physical Education and Tourism Management
    Protocols of temporal summation (TS) of pain typically involve the delivery of brief repetitive noxious pulses of a constant intensity while measuring the perceived intensity of pain after each pulse. The size percept of noxious repetitive stimulation has been poorly characterized. Furthermore, no studies have investigated age differences in TS of cold pain. The current study examined TS of pain intensity and the perceived size of the painful area during repetitive noxious heat and cold pulses in healthy younger (n = 104) and older adults (n = 40). Trials of 10 brief repetitive noxious heat or cold pulses were delivered to the upper extremities. Participants rated the perceived size of the painful area or intensity of pain after each pulse. The magnitude of change for the size percept and intensity for pain were calculated for each trial. The results indicated that older adults experienced greater TS of the size percept of cold stimuli compared with younger adults. Additionally, older women experienced greater TS of the size percept of heat stimuli compared with older men and all younger participants. No overall age or sex differences were found in the TS of pain intensity for cold or heat trials. These results suggest dysfunctional modulation of the spatial percept of the painful stimuli by older adults, and in particular older women, during repetitive noxious thermal pulses.
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    Sex-specific stroke incidence over time in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2017-09-05) Madsen, Tracy E.; Khoury, Jane; Alwell, Kathleen; Moomaw, Charles J.; Rademacher, Eric; Flaherty, Matthew L.; Woo, Daniel; Mackey, Jason; La Rosa, Felipe De Los Rios; Martini, Sharyl; Ferioli, Simona; Adeoye, Opeolu; Khatri, Pooja; Broderick, Joseph P.; Kissela, Brett M.; Kleindorfer, Dawn; Neurology, School of Medicine
    OBJECTIVE: Recent data suggest stroke incidence is decreasing over time, but it is unknown whether incidence is decreasing in women and men to the same extent. METHODS: Within our population of 1.3 million, all incident strokes among residents ≥20 years old were ascertained at all hospitals during July 1993-June 1994 and calendar years 1999, 2005, and 2010. A sampling scheme was used to ascertain out-of-hospital cases. Sex-specific incidence rates per 100,000 among black and white participants, age- and race-adjusted, were standardized to the 2000 US Census population. Trends over time by sex were compared; a Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Over the 4 study periods, there were 7,710 incident strokes; 57.2% (n = 4,412) were women. Women were older than men (mean ± SE 72.4 ± 0.34 vs 68.2 ± 0.32, p < 0.001). Incidence of all strokes decreased over time in men (263 [confidence interval 246-281] to 192 [179-205], p < 0.001) but not in women (217 [205-230] to 198 [187-210], p = 0.15). Similar sex differences were seen for ischemic stroke (men, 238 [223-257] to 165 [153-177], p < 0.01; women, 193 [181-205] to 173 [162-184], p = 0.09). Incidence of all strokes and of ischemic strokes was similar between women and men in 2010. Incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage were stable over time in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Decreases in stroke incidence over time are driven by a decrease in ischemic stroke in men. Contrary to previous study periods, stroke incidence rates were similar by sex in 2010. Future research is needed to understand why the decrease in ischemic stroke incidence is more pronounced in men.