Browsing by Subject "Abortion"
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Item 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb–1. Free exercise of religion protected(http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2009-title42/html/USCODE-2009-title42-chap21B-sec2000bb-1.htm, 1993-11-16)(a) In general Government shall not substantially burden a person's exercise of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. (b) Exception Government may substantially burden a person's exercise of religion only if it demonstrates that application of the burden to the person— (1) is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest; and (2) is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest. (c) Judicial relief A person whose religious exercise has been burdened in violation of this section may assert that violation as a claim or defense in a judicial proceeding and obtain appropriate relief against a government. Standing to assert a claim or defense under this section shall be governed by the general rules of standing under article III of the Constitution.Item Abortion and contraception: conscientious objection in the healing professions(IU Center for Bioethics, 2014-05-24) Odell, Jere D.; Abhyankar, Rahul; Comer, Amber (Malcolm); Rua, Avril N.Item Balanced Budget Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1395w-22(j)(3). Prohibiting interference with provider advice to enrollees(http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2010-title42/pdf/USCODE-2010-title42-chap7-subchapXVIII-partC-sec1395w-22.pdf, 1997)Subparagraph (A) shall not be construed as requiring a Medicare Choice plan to provide, reimburse for, or provide coverage of a counseling or referral service if the Medicare Choice organization offering the plan— (i) objects to the provision of such service on moral or religious grounds; and (ii) in the manner and through the written instrumentalities such Medicare Choice organization deems appropriate, makes available information on its policies regarding such service to prospective enrollees before or during enrollment and to enrollees within 90 days after the date that the organization or plan adopts a change in policy regarding such a counseling or referral service.Item Church Amendments, 42 U.S.C. § 300a-7(http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/civilrights/understanding/ConscienceProtect/, 1973) U.S. Department of Health & Human ServicesNo individual shall be required to perform or assist in the performance of any part of a health service program or research activity funded in whole or in part under a program administered by the Secretary of Health and Human Services if his performance or assistance in the performance of such part of such program or activity would be contrary to his religious beliefs or moral convictions.Item "Churches in the Vanguard:" Margaret Sanger and the Morality of Birth Control in the 1920s(2015-03-30) Maurer, Anna C.; Robertson, Nancy Marie; Cramer, Kevin; Lantzer, Jason S.Many religious leaders in the early 1900s were afraid of the immoral associations and repercussions of birth control. The Catholic Church and some Protestants never accepted contraception, or accepted it much later, but many mainline Protestants leaders did change their tune dramatically between the years of 1920 and 1931. This investigation seeks to understand how Margaret Sanger was able to use her rhetoric to move her reform from the leftist outskirts and decadent, sexual connotations into the mainstream of family-friendly, morally virtuous, and even conservative religious approval. Securing the approval of religious leaders subsequently provided the impetus for legal and medical acceptance by the late-1930s. Margaret Sanger used conferences, speeches, articles, her magazine (Birth Control Review), and several books to reinforce her message as she pragmatically shifted from the radical left closer to the center and conservatives. She knew the power of the churches to influence their members, and since the United States population had undeniably a Judeo-Christian base, this power could be harnessed in order to achieve success for the birth control movement, among the conservative medical and political communities and the public at large. Despite the clear consensus against birth control by all mainline Christian churches in 1920, including Roman Catholics and Protestants alike, the decade that followed would bring about a great divide that would continue to widen in successive decades. Sanger put forward many arguments in her works, but the ones which ultimately brought along the relatively conservative religious leaders were those that presented birth control not as a gender equity issue, but rather as a morally constructive reform that had the power to save and strengthen marriages; lessen prostitution and promiscuity; protect the health of women; reduce abortions, infanticide, and infant mortality; and improve the quality of life for children and families. Initially, many conservatives and religious leaders associated the birth control movement with radicals, feminists, prostitutes, and promiscuous youth, and feared contraception would lead to immorality and the deterioration of the family. Without the threat of pregnancy, conservatives feared that youth and even married adults would seize the opportunity to have sex outside of marriage. Others worried the decreasing size of families was a sign of growing selfishness and materialism. In response, Sanger promoted the movement as a way for conservatives to stop the rising divorce rates by strengthening and increasing marriages, and to improve the lives of families by humanely increasing the health and standard of living, for women and children especially. In short, she argued that birth control would not lead to deleterious consequences, but would actually improve family moral values and become an effective humanitarian reform. She recognized that both liberals and conservatives were united in hoping to strengthen the family, and so she emphasized those virtues and actively courted those same conservative religious leaders that had previously shunned birth control and the movement. Throughout the 1920s, she emphasized the ways in which birth control could strengthen marriages and improve the quality of life of women and children, and she effectively won over the relatively conservative religious leaders that she needed to bring about the movement’s public, medical, and political progress.Item Danforth Amendment to the Civil Rights Restoration Act, 20 USC § 1688. Neutrality with respect to abortion(http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/cor/coord/titleixstat.php#Sec.%201688.%20Neutrality%20with%20respect%20to%20abortion, 1988)Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require or prohibit any person, or public or private entity, to provide or pay for any benefit or service, including the use of facilities, related to an abortion. Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit a penalty to be imposed on any person or individual because such person or individual is seeking or has received any benefit or service related to a legal abortion.Item Ensuring That Department of Health and Human Services Funds Do Not Support Coercive or Discriminatory Policies or Practices in Violation of Federal Law(http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2008-12-19/pdf/E8-30134.pdf, 2008-12-19) U.S. Department of Health & Human ServicesSUMMARY: The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is issuing a final rule to ensure that Department funds do not support morally coercive or discriminatory practices or policies in violation of federal law, pursuant to the Church Amendments (42 U.S.C. 300a– 7), Public Health Service (PHS) Act § 245 (42 U.S.C. 238n), and the Weldon Amendment (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, Public Law 110–161, Div. G, § 508(d), 121 Stat. 1844, 2209). This final rule defines certain key terms. In order to ensure that recipients of Department funds know about their legal obligations under these federal health care conscience protection laws, the Department is requiring written certification by certain recipients that they will comply with all three statutes, as applicable. Finally, this final rule assigns responsibility for complaint handling and investigation among the Department’s Office for Civil Rights and Department program offices.Item Evaluation of family planning and abortion education in preclinical curriculum at a large midwestern medical school(Elsevier, 2022) Brown, Lucy; Swiezy, Sarah; McKinzie, Alexandra; Komanapalli, Sarah; Bernard, CaitlinOBJECTIVE: Evaluate a Midwestern medical school's current pregnancy termination and family planning undergraduate medical curriculum (UMC) in accordance with Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO) guidelines. Assess 1) student interest 2) preparedness to counsel patients, and 3) preferred modality of instruction. STUDY DESIGN: A survey assessed students about UMC. Course syllabus learning objectives and APGO educational guidelines were compared. RESULTS: There were 309 responses total; six did not complete all survey questions and were excluded. Participants (n = 303) were primarily female (62%) and White (74%). Across all class levels, many (61%) students expected to learn about family planning and contraception in UMC. While most (84-88%) participants who completed the preclinical course with or without the clerkship felt prepared to counsel about common, non-controversial pharmacotherapies, only 20% of students felt prepared to counsel on abortion options, and 75% of students who had completed both the preclinical and OBGYN clerkship felt unprepared for abortion counseling Overall, 86% of all students surveyed believed that the medical school should enhance its reproductive health coverage in UMC. Traditional lectures, panels, and direct clinical exposure were the most popular instructional modalities. CONCLUSION: We identified potential gaps in UMC where students expressed high level of interest with low level of preparedness regarding abortion options counseling, even among senior students. Considering the high percentage of students expecting to learn about pregnancy termination and family planning in their UMC, this expectation is not being met. Students were open to a variety of modalities of instruction, indicating that several possible options exist for curricular integration. IMPLICATIONS: Despite evidence of need for training in family planning and abortion, few medical institutions have a standardized curriculum. Little available literature exists on curricula covering pregnancy options and contraception counseling, signifying a gap of knowledge and an opportunity to study how to integrate these important topics into UMC.Item The history and effect of abortion conscience clause laws(Congressional Research Service, 2005-01-14) Feder, JodyConscience clause laws allow medical providers to refuse to provide services to which they have religious or moral objections. In some cases, these laws are designed to excuse such providers from performing abortions. During the 108th Congress, S. 1397, an abortion conscience clause bill, was introduced in the Senate, and a companion bill, H.R. 3664, was introduced in the House. Although neither of these bills were enacted, Congress did pass appropriations legislation that contained a conscience clause provision. This report describes the history of the conscience clause as it relates to abortion law and provides a legal analysis of the effects of such laws, including the provision contained in P.L. 108-447, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005. Legislators are likely to consider similar legislation during the 109th Congress.Item Impact of Dobbs Decision on Retention of Indiana Medical Students for Residency(Elsevier, 2023-10-08) Hulsman, Luci; Bradley, Paige K.; Caldwell, Amy; Christman, Megan; Rusk, Debra; Shanks, Anthony L.Background: As medical students consider residency training programs, access to comprehensive training in abortion care and the legal climate influencing abortion care provision are likely to affect their decision process. Objective: This study aimed to determine medical students' desire to stay in a state with an abortion ban for residency. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to all medical students at a large allopathic medical school. Anonymous survey questions investigated the likelihood of seeking residency training in states with abortion restrictions and the likelihood of considering obstetrics and gynecology as a specialty. Qualitative responses were also captured. Results: The survey was distributed to 1424 students, and 473 responses yielded a 33.2% completion rate; 66.8% of students were less likely to pursue residency training in Indiana following a proposed abortion ban. Moreover, 70.0% of students were less likely to pursue residency in a state with abortion restrictions. Approximately half of respondents (52.2%) were less likely to pursue obstetrics and gynecology as a specialty after proposed abortion restrictions. Qualitative remarks encompassed 6 themes: comprehensive health care access, frustration with the political climate, impact on health care providers, relocation, advocacy, and personal beliefs and ethical considerations. Conclusion: Most medical students expressed decreased likelihood of remaining in Indiana or in states with abortion restrictions for residency training. The field of obstetrics and gynecology has been negatively affected, with medical students indicating lower likelihood to pursue obstetrics and gynecology. Regardless of specialty, the physician shortage may be exacerbated in states with abortion restrictions. The overturn of Roe v Wade has the potential for significant effects on medical student plans for residency training location, thereby shaping the future of the physician workforce.