Browsing by Author "Zhang, J."

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    The association of polygenic risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression with neural connectivity in adolescents and young adults: examining developmental and sex differences
    (Springer Nature, 2021-01-14) Meyers, J.L.; Chorlian, D.B.; Bigdeli, T.B.; Johnson, E.C.; Aliev, F.; Agrawal, A.; Almasy, L.; Anokhin, A.; Edenberg, H.J.; Foroud, T.; Goate, A.; Kamarajan, C.; Kinreich, S.; Nurnberger, J.; Pandey, A.K.; Pandey, G.; Plawecki, M.H.; Salvatore, J.E.; Zhang, J.; Fanous, A.; Porjesz, B.; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine
    Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in neural connectivity have been long implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ); however, it remains unclear whether these neural connectivity patterns are associated with genetic risk for SCZ in unaffected individuals (i.e., an absence of clinical features of SCZ or a family history of SCZ). We examine whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for SCZ are associated with functional neural connectivity in adolescents and young adults without SCZ, whether this association is moderated by sex and age, and if similar associations are observed for genetically related neuropsychiatric PRS. One-thousand four-hundred twenty-six offspring from 913 families, unaffected with SCZ, were drawn from the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) prospective cohort (median age at first interview = 15.6 (12-26), 51.6% female, 98.1% European American, 41% with a family history of alcohol dependence). Participants were followed longitudinally with resting-state EEG connectivity (i.e., coherence) assessed every two years. Higher SCZ PRS were associated with elevated theta (3-7 Hz) and alpha (7-12 Hz) EEG coherence. Associations differed by sex and age; the most robust associations were observed between PRS and parietal-occipital, central-parietal, and frontal-parietal alpha coherence among males between ages 15-19 (B: 0.15-0.21, p < 10-4). Significant associations among EEG coherence and Bipolar and Depression PRS were observed, but differed from SCZ PRS in terms of sex, age, and topography. Findings reveal that polygenic risk for SCZ is robustly associated with increased functional neural connectivity among young adults without a SCZ diagnosis. Striking differences were observed between men and women throughout development, mapping onto key periods of risk for the onset of psychotic illness and underlining the critical importance of examining sex differences in associations with neuropsychiatric PRS across development.
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    The East Africa Consortium for human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in women living with HIV/AIDS
    (Taylor & Francis, 2022) Tong, Y.; Orang’o, E.; Nakalembe, M.; Tonui, P.; Itsura, P.; Muthoka, K.; Titus, M.; Kiptoo, S.; Mwangi, A.; Ong’echa, J.; Tonui, R.; Odongo, B.; Mpamani, C.; Rosen, B.; Moormann, A.; Cu-Uvin, S.; Bailey, J.A.; Oduor, C.I.; Ermel, A.; Yiannoutsos, C.; Musick, B.; Sang, E.; Ngeresa, A.; Banturaki, G.; Kiragga, A.; Zhang, J.; Song, Y.; Chintala, S.; Katzenellenbogen, R.; Loehrer, P.; Brown, D.R.; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine
    The East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer, and to encourage collaborations between researchers in North America and East African countries. To date, studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on the persistence of HPV, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP. It will now be determined how HPV testing fits into cervical cancer screening programs in Kenya and Uganda, how aflatoxin influences immunological control of HIV, how HPV alters certain genes involved in the growth of tumours in HIV-infected women. Although there have been challenges in performing this research, with time, this work should help to reduce the burden of cervical cancer and other cancers related to HIV infection in people living in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as optimized processes to better facilitate research as well as patient autonomy and safety. KEY MESSAGESThe East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer.Collaborations have been established between researchers in North America and East African countries for these studies.Studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on HPV detection, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP.
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    Nonvolatile voltage controlled molecular spin state switching
    (AIP, 2019) Hao, G.; Mosey, A.; Jiang, X.; Yost, A. J.; Sapkota, K. R.; Wang, G. T.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, J.; N’Diaye, A. T.; Cheng, R.; Xu, X.; Dowben, P. A.; Physics, School of Science
    Voltage-controlled room temperature isothermal reversible spin crossover switching of [Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] thin films is demonstrated. This isothermal switching is evident in thin film bilayer structures where the molecular spin crossover film is adjacent to a molecular ferroelectric. The adjacent molecular ferroelectric, either polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene or croconic acid (C5H2O5), appears to lock the spin crossover [Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] molecular complex largely in the low or high spin state depending on the direction of ferroelectric polarization. In both a planar two terminal diode structure and a transistor structure, the voltage controlled isothermal reversible spin crossover switching of [Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] is accompanied by a resistance change and is seen to be nonvolatile, i.e., retained in the absence of an applied electric field. The result appears general, as the voltage controlled nonvolatile switching can be made to work with two different molecular ferroelectrics: croconic acid and polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene.