Browsing by Author "Wu, Shaowei"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Caffeine Intake, Coffee Consumption, and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
    (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015-11) Wu, Shaowei; Han, Jiali; Song, Fengju; Cho, Eunyoung; Gao, Xiang; Hunter, David J.; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    BACKGROUND: Caffeine has been shown to prevent ultraviolet radiation-induced carcinogenesis and to inhibit growth of melanoma cells in experimental studies. We evaluated the association among caffeine intake, coffee consumption, and melanoma risk among three large cohort studies. METHODS: The analysis used data from 89,220 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2009), 74,666 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2008), and 39,424 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of melanoma associated with dietary intakes. RESULTS: We documented 2,254 melanoma cases over 4 million person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for other risk factors, higher total caffeine intake was associated with a lower risk of melanoma (≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64, 0.96; Ptrend = 0.048). The association was more apparent in women (≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.58, 0.85; Ptrend = 0.001) than in men (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.2; Ptrend = 0.81), and more apparent for melanomas occurring on body sites with higher continuous sun exposure (head, neck, and extremities; ≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.86; Ptrend = 0.001) than for melanomas occurring on body sites with lower continuous sun exposure (trunk including shoulder, back, hip, abdomen, and chest; HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.2; Ptrend = 0.60). This pattern of association was similar to that for caffeinated coffee consumption, whereas no association was found for decaffeinated coffee consumption and melanoma risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing caffeine intake and caffeinated coffee consumption is associated with decreased risk of cutaneous malignant melanomas.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Citrus Consumption and Risk of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
    (Oxford, 2015-10) Wu, Shaowei; Cho, Eunyoung; Feskanich, Diane; Li, Wen-Qing; Sun, Qi; Han, Jiali; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Animal experiments have demonstrated the photocarcinogenic properties of furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals that are rich in citrus products. We conducted a prospective study for citrus consumption and risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin based on data from 41530 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2010) and 63759 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2010) who were free of cancers at baseline. Over 24–26 years of follow-up, we documented 20840 incident BCCs and 3544 incident SCCs. Compared to those who consumed citrus products less than twice per week, the pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 1.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.99–1.08] for BCC and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00–1.30) for SCC for those who consumed two to four times per week, 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01–1.11) for BCC and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02–1.28) for SCC for five to six times per week, 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16) for BCC and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.08–1.37) for SCC for once to 1.4 times per day and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.09–1.23) for BCC and 1.21 (95% Cl: 1.06–1.38) for SCC for 1.5 times per day or more (P trend = 0.001 for BCC and 0.04 for SCC). In contrast, consumption of non-citrus fruit and juice appeared to be inversely associated with risk of BCC and SCC. Our findings support positive associations between citrus consumption and risk of cutaneous BCC and SCC in two cohorts of men and women, and call for further investigations to better understand the potential photocarcinogenesis associated with dietary intakes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in the Women’s Health Initiative
    (Routledge, 2020) Melough, Melissa M.; Wu, Shaowei; Li, Wen-Qing; Eaton, Charles; Nan, Hongmei; Snetselaar, Linda; Wallace, Robert; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Chun, Ock K.; Cho, Eunyoung; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
    Citrus products are rich sources of furocoumarins, a class of photoactive compounds. Certain furocoumarins combined with ultraviolet radiation can induce skin cancer. We examined the relationship between citrus consumption and cutaneous melanoma risk among 56,205 Caucasian postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of melanoma by citrus intake level. During a mean follow-up of 15.7 years, 956 incident melanoma cases were documented. In multivariable adjusted models, the HR (95% CI) for melanoma was 1.12 (0.91, 1.37) among the highest citrus consumers (1.5+ servings/day of fruit or juice) versus the lowest (<2 servings/week), 0.95 (0.76, 1.20) among the highest citrus fruit consumers (5+ servings/week) versus non-consumers, and was 1.13 (0.96, 1.32) for the highest citrus juice consumers (1+ servings/day) versus the lowest (<1 serving/week). In stratified analyses, an increased melanoma risk associated with citrus juice intake was observed among women who spent the most time outdoors in summer as adults; the HR for the highest versus lowest intake was 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) (p-trend = 0.03). Further research is needed to explore the association of melanoma with citrus juices among women with high sun exposure.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    History of Severe Sunburn and Risk of Skin Cancer Among Women and Men in 2 Prospective Cohort Studies
    (Oxford University Press, 2016-05-01) Wu, Shaowei; Cho, Eunyoung; Li, Wen-Qing; Weinstock, Martin A.; Han, Jiali; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
    Abstract. Few studies have assessed the relationship between sunburn and risk of different skin cancers (melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)) in prospective studies simultaneously, and little is known about the association of severe sunburns at different body sites with skin cancer risk. We used data on 87,166 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1982–2010) and 32,959 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992–2010) to investigate skin cancer risk associated with history of severe sunburns at different body sites (face/arms, trunk, and lower limbs). After adjustment for other risk factors, overall baseline history of severe sunburn was more apparently associated with risk of melanoma than with risk of SCC and BCC in men (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 4.41) for melanoma, 1.48 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.03) for SCC, and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.32) for BCC) but not in women. Sunburn on the trunk appeared to be more closely associated with melanoma risk, but not risk of SCC and BCC, when compared with sunburns at other body sites (face/arms and lower limbs). These differences were more apparent in men than in women. Pending further investigation, our findings add novel insights to the existing literature on sunburn history and skin cancer risk