Browsing by Author "Wilkes, David"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Diversifying biomedical training: A synergistic intervention
    (2010) Gibau, Gina Sanchez; Foertsch, Julie; Blum, Janice; Brutkiewicz, Randy; Queener, Sherry; Roman, Ann; Rhodes, Simon; Sturek, Michael; Wilkes, David; Broxmeyer, Hal
    For over three decades, the scientific community has expressed concern over the paucity of African American, Latino and Native American researchers in the biomedical training pipeline. Concern has been expressed regarding what is forecasted as a shortage of these underrepresented minority (URM) scientists given the demographic shifts occurring worldwide and particularly in the United States. Increased access to graduate education has made a positive contribution in addressing this disparity. This article describes the multiple pathway approaches that have been employed by a school of medicine at an urban Midwest research institution to increase the number of URM students enrolled in, and graduating from, doctoral programs within basic science departments, through the combination of R25 grants and other grant programs funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This article outlines the process of implementing a strong synergistic approach to the training of URM students through linkages between the NIH-funded "Bridges to the Doctorate (BRIDGES)" and "Initiative for Maximizing Graduate Student Diversity (IMGSD)" programs. The article documents the specific gains witnessed by this particular institution and identifies key components of the interventions that may prove useful for institutions seeking to increment the biomedical pipeline with scientists from diverse backgrounds.
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    A Model for Engaging Public–Private Partnerships
    (Wiley, 2011-04-04) Shekhar, Anantha; Denne, Scott; Tierney, William; Wilkes, David; Brater, D. Craig; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Quantitative Evidence for Revising the Definition of Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplant
    (American Thoracic Society, 2018-01-15) Cantu, Edward; Diamond, Joshua M.; Suzuki, Yoshikazu; Lasky, Jared; Schaufler, Christian; Lim, Brian; Shah, Rupal; Porteous, Mary; Lederer, David J.; Kawut, Steven M.; Palmer, Scott M.; Snyder, Laurie D.; Hartwig, Matthew G.; Lama, Vibha N.; Bhorade, Sangeeta; Bermudez, Christian; Crespo, Maria; McDyer, John; Wille, Keith; Orens, Jonathan; Shah, Pali D.; Weinacker, Ann; Weill, David; Wilkes, David; Roe, David; Hage, Chadi; Ware, Lorraine B.; Bellamy, Scarlett L.; Christie, Jason D.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    RATIONALE: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a form of acute lung injury that occurs after lung transplantation. The definition of PGD was standardized in 2005. Since that time, clinical practice has evolved, and this definition is increasingly used as a primary endpoint for clinical trials; therefore, validation is warranted. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether refinements to the 2005 consensus definition could further improve construct validity. METHODS: Data from the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group multicenter cohort were used to compare variations on the PGD definition, including alternate oxygenation thresholds, inclusion of additional severity groups, and effects of procedure type and mechanical ventilation. Convergent and divergent validity were compared for mortality prediction and concurrent lung injury biomarker discrimination. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1,179 subjects from 10 centers were enrolled from 2007 to 2012. Median length of follow-up was 4 years (interquartile range = 2.4-5.9). No mortality differences were noted between no PGD (grade 0) and mild PGD (grade 1). Significantly better mortality discrimination was evident for all definitions using later time points (48, 72, or 48-72 hours; P < 0.001). Biomarker divergent discrimination was superior when collapsing grades 0 and 1. Additional severity grades, use of mechanical ventilation, and transplant procedure type had minimal or no effect on mortality or biomarker discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: The PGD consensus definition can be simplified by combining lower PGD grades. Construct validity of grading was present regardless of transplant procedure type or use of mechanical ventilation. Additional severity categories had minimal impact on mortality or biomarker discrimination.
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    The Regulation of Pulmonary Immunity
    (Elsevier, 1995) Lipscomb, Mary F.; Bice, David E.; Lyons, C. Richard; Schuyler, Mark R.; Wilkes, David; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Indiana School of Medicine
    No evidence has emerged which suggests that the principles of immunity derived from studies on cells from other body sites are contradicted in the lung and its associated lymphoid tissue. What is clear, however, is that the environment dictates the types of cells, their relationship to one another, and what perturbing events will set in motion either the development of an "active" immune response or tolerance. Investigating mechanisms for the development of lung immunity has increased our understanding of how human diseases develop and is continuing to suggest new ways to manipulate pulmonary immune responses. Demonstration that lung cells regulate both nonspecific inflammation and immunity through the expression of adhesion molecules and the secretion of cytokines offers hope for ways to design more effective vaccines, enhance microbial clearance in immunosuppressed hosts, and to suppress manifestations of immunologically mediated lung disease. Important lung diseases targeted for intensive research efforts in the immediate future are tuberculosis, asthma, and fibrotic lung disease. Perhaps even the common cold might be conquered. Considering the pace of current research on lung immunity, it may not be too ambitious to predict that these diseases may be conquered in the next decade.