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Browsing by Author "Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle"
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Item Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2B6 and Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy(Wiley, 2019-04-21) Desta, Zeruesenay; Gammal, Roseann S.; Gong, Li; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Gaur, Aditya H.; Sukasem, Chonlaphat; Hockings, Jennifer; Myers, Alan; Swart, Marelize; Tyndale, Rachel F.; Masimirembwa, Collen; Iwuchukwu, Otito F.; Chirwa, Sanika; Lennox, Jeffrey; Gaedigk, Andrea; Klein, Teri E.; Haas, David W.; Medicine, School of MedicineThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, efavirenz, is widely used to treat HIV-1 infection. Efavirenz is predominantly metabolized into inactive metabolites by CYP2B6, and patients with certain CYP2B6 genetic variants may be at increased risk for adverse effects, particularly central nervous system toxicity and treatment discontinuation. We summarize the evidence from the literature and provide therapeutic recommendations for efavirenz prescribing based on CYP2B6 genotypes.Item Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2C9 and HLA-B Genotypes and Phenytoin Dosing: 2020 Update(Wiley, 2021) Karnes, Jason H.; Rettie, Allan E.; Somogyi, Andrew A.; Huddart, Rachel; Fohner, Alison E.; Formea, Christine M.; Lee, Ming Ta Michael; Llerena, Adrian; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Klein, Teri E.; Phillips, Elizabeth J.; Mintzer, Scott; Gaedigk, Andrea; Caudle, Kelly E.; Callaghan, John T.; Medicine, School of MedicinePhenytoin is an antiepileptic drug with a narrow therapeutic index and large interpatient pharmacokinetic variability, partly due to genetic variation in CYP2C9. Furthermore, the variant allele HLA-B*15:02 is associated with an increased risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in response to phenytoin treatment. We summarize evidence from the published literature supporting these associations and provide therapeutic recommendations for the use of phenytoin based on CYP2C9 and/or HLA-B genotypes (updates on cpicpgx.org).Item Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guidelines for CYP2C9 and HLA-B Genotype and Phenytoin Dosing(Nature Publishing Group, 2014-11) Caudle, Kelly E.; Rettie, Allan E.; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Smith, Lisa H.; Mintzer, Scott E.; Lee, Ming Ta Michael; Klein, Teri E.; Callaghan, J. Thomas; Department of Neurology, IU School of MedicinePhenytoin is a widely used antiepileptic drug with a narrow therapeutic index and large inter-patient variability partly due to genetic variations in CYP2C9. Furthermore, the variant allele HLA-B*15:02 is associated with an increased risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in response to phenytoin treatment. We summarize evidence from the published literature supporting these associations and provide recommendations for the use of phenytoin based on CYP2C9 and/or HLA-B genotype (also available on PharmGKB: www.pharmgkb.org).Item Pharmacogenetic allele nomenclature: International workgroup recommendations for test result reporting(Wiley, 2016-02) Kalman, Lisa V.; Agúndez, José A.G.; Appell, Malin Lindqvist; Bell, Gillian C.; Boukouvala, Sotiria; Bruckner, Carsten; Bruford, Elspeth; Bruckner, Carsten; Caudle, Kelly; Coulthard, Sally; Daly, Ann K.; Del Tredici, Johan T.; Drozda, Katarzyna; Everts, Robin; Flockhart, David; Freimuth, Robert; Gaedigk, Andrea; Hachad, Houda; Hartshorne, Toinette; Ingelman-Sundberg, Magnus; Klein, Teri E.; Lauschke, Volker M.; Maglott, Donna R.; McLeod, Howard L.; McMillin, Gwendolyn A.; Meyer, Urs A.; Müller, Daniel J.; Nickerson, Deborah A.; Oetting, William S.; Pacanowski, Michael; Pratt, Victoria M.; Relling, Mary V.; Roberts, Ali; Rubinstein, Wendy S.; Sangkuhl, Katrin; Schwab, Matthias; Scott, Stuart A.; Sim, Sarah C.; Thirumaran, Ranjit K.; Toji, Lorraine H.; Tyndale, Rachel; van Schaik, Ron HN; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Yeo, Kiang-Teck J.; Zanger, Ulrich M.; Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, IU School of MedicineThis manuscript provides nomenclature recommendations developed by an international workgroup to increase transparency and standardization of pharmacogenetic (PGx) result reporting. Presently, sequence variants identified by PGx tests are described using different nomenclature systems. In addition, PGx analysis may detect different sets of variants for each gene, which can affect interpretation of results. This practice has caused confusion and may thereby impede the adoption of clinical PGx testing. Standardization is critical to move PGx forward.Item PharmVar and the Landscape of Pharmacogenetic Resources(Wiley, 2020-01) Gaedigk, Andrea; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Pratt, Victoria M.; Miller, Neil A.; Klein, Teri E.; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineTesting, reporting and translation of pharmacogenetics (PGx) into clinical recommendations requires vast knowledge resources. The Pharmacogene Variation (PharmVar) Consortium catalogs pharmacogene variation and provides standardized nomenclature that is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) and the Clinical Pharmacogenetic Implementation Consortium (CPIC). PharmVar allele definitions are also widely used for test design and reporting. This perspective paints a landscape of PGx resources that are needed to facilitate implementation of PGx into clinical practice.Item PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2B6(Wiley, 2021) Desta, Zeruesenay; El-Boraie, Ahmed; Gong, Li; Somogyi, Andrew A.; Lauschke, Volker M.; Dandara, Collet; Klein, Kathrin; Miller, Neil; Klein, Teri E.; Tyndale, Rachel F.; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Gaedigk, Andrea; Medicine, School of MedicineThe Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogs star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP2B6 gene. Genetic variation within the CYP2B6 gene locus impacts the metabolism or bioactivation of clinically important drugs. Of particular importance are efficacy and safety concerns regarding: efavirenz, which is used for the treatment of HIV type-1 infection; methadone, a mainstay in the treatment of opioid use disorder and as an analgesic; ketamine, used as an antidepressant and analgesic; and bupropion, which is prescribed to treat depression and for smoking cessation. This GeneFocus provides a comprehensive overview and summary of CYP2B6 and describes how haplotype information catalogued by PharmVar is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).Item PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2C19(Wiley, 2021) Botton, Mariana R.; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Del Tredici, Andria L.; Sangkuhl, Katrin; Cavallari, Larisa H.; Agúndez, José A.; Duconge, Jorge; Lee, Ming Ta Michael; Woodahl, Erica L.; Claudio-Campos, Karla; Daly, Ann K.; Klein, Teri E.; Pratt, Victoria M.; Scott, Stuart A.; Gaedigk, Andrea; Medicine, School of MedicineThe Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogues star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP2C19 gene. CYP2C19 genetic variation impacts the metabolism of many drugs and has been associated with both efficacy and safety issues for several commonly prescribed medications. This GeneFocus provides a comprehensive overview and summary of CYP2C19 and describes how haplotype information catalogued by PharmVar is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).Item PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP3A5(Wiley, 2022) Rodriguez-Antona, Cristina; Savieo, Jessica L.; Lauschke, Volker M.; Sangkuhl, Katrin; Drögemöller, Britt I.; Wang, Danxin; van Schaik, Ron H. N.; Gilep, Andrei A.; Prakasam Peter, Arul; Boone, Erin C.; Ramey, Bronwyn E.; Klein, Teri E.; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Pratt, Victoria M.; Gaedigk, Andrea; Medicine, School of MedicineThe Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogs star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP3A5 gene. Genetic variation within the CYP3A5 gene locus impacts the metabolism of several clinically important drugs, including the immunosuppressants tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and the benzodiazepine midazolam. Variable CYP3A5 activity is of clinical importance regarding tacrolimus metabolism. This GeneFocus provides a CYP3A5 gene summary with a focus on aspects regarding standardized nomenclature. In addition, this review also summarizes recent changes and updates, including the retirement of several allelic variants and provides an overview of how PharmVar CYP3A5 star allele nomenclature is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).Item PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP3A5(ASCPT, 2022-12) Rodriguez-Antona, Cristina; Savieo, Jessica L.; Lauschke, Volker M.; Sangkuhl, Katrin; Drögemöller, Britt I.; Wang, Danxin; van Schaik, Ron H. N.; Gilep, Andrei A.; Peter, Arul P.; Boone, Erin C.; Ramey, Bronwyn E.; Klein, Teri E.; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Pratt, Victoria M.; Gaedigk, Andrea; Medicine, School of MedicineThe Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogs star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP3A5 gene. Genetic variation within the CYP3A5 gene locus impacts the metabolism of several clinically important drugs, including the immunosuppressants tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and the benzodiazepine midazolam. Variable CYP3A5 activity is of clinical importance regarding tacrolimus metabolism. This GeneFocus provides a CYP3A5 gene summary with a focus on aspects regarding standardized nomenclature. In addition, this review also summarizes recent changes and updates including the retirement of several allelic variants and provides an overview of how PharmVar CYP3A5 star allele nomenclature is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).Item Recommendations for Clinical CYP2C9 Genotyping Allele Selection: A Joint Recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology and College of American Pathologists(Elsevier, 2019) Pratt, Victoria M.; Cavallari, Larisa H.; Del Tredici, Andria L.; Hachad, Houda; Ji, Yuan; Moyer, Ann M.; Scott, Stuart A.; Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle; Weck, Karen E.; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineThe goals of the Association for Molecular Pathology Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Working Group of the Association for Molecular Pathology Clinical Practice Committee are to define the key attributes of PGx alleles recommended for clinical testing and a minimum set of variants that should be included in clinical PGx genotyping assays. This document provides recommendations for a minimum panel of variant alleles (Tier 1) and an extended panel of variant alleles (Tier 2) that will aid clinical laboratories when designing assays for CYP2C9 testing. The Working Group considered the functional impact of the variants, allele frequencies in different populations and ethnicities, the availability of reference materials, and other technical considerations for PGx testing when developing these recommendations. Our goal is to promote standardization of testing PGx genes and alleles across clinical laboratories. These recommendations are not to be interpreted as restrictive but to provide a reference guide. The current document will focus on CYP2C9 testing that can be applied to all CYP2C9-related medications. A separate recommendation on warfarin PGx testing is being developed to include recommendations on CYP2C9 alleles and additional warfarin sensitivity–associated genes and alleles.