Browsing by Author "Wheeler, Cosette M."

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    Four year efficacy of prophylactic human papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccine against low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital warts: randomised controlled trial
    (BMJ Publishing Group, 2010-07-20) The FUTURE I/II Study Group; Dillner, Joakim; Kjaer, Susanne K.; Wheeler, Cosette M.; Sigurdsson, Kristján; Iversen, Ole-Erik; Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio; Perez, Gonzalo; Brown, Darron R.; Koutsky, Laura A.; Tay, Eng Hseon; García, Patricia; Ault, Kevin A.; Garland, Suzanne M.; Leodolter, Sepp; Olsson, Sven-Eric; Tang, Grace W.K.; Ferris, Daron G.; Paavonen, Jorma; Lehtinen, Matti; Steben, Marc; Bosch, Xavier; Joura, Elmar A.; Majewski, Slawomir; Muñoz, Nubia; Myers, Evan R.; Villa, Luisa L; Taddeo, Frank J.; Roberts, Christine; Tadesse, Amha; Bryan, Janine T.; Maansson, Roger; Lu, Shuang; Vuocolo, Scott; Hesley, Teresa M.; Barr, Eliav; Haupt, Richard; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objectives To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in preventing low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasias and anogenital warts (condyloma acuminata). Design Data from two international, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised efficacy trials of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (protocol 013 (FUTURE I) and protocol 015 (FUTURE II)). The trials were to be 4 years in length, and the results reported are from final study data of 42 months’ follow-up. Setting Primary care centres and university or hospital associated health centres in 24 countries and territories around the world. Participants 17 622 women aged 16-26 years enrolled between December 2001 and May 2003. Major exclusion criteria were lifetime number of sexual partners (>4), history of abnormal cervical smear test results, and pregnancy. Intervention Three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (for serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) or placebo at day 1, month 2, and month 6. Main outcome measures Vaccine efficacy against cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade I and condyloma in a per protocol susceptible population that included subjects who received all three vaccine doses, tested negative for the relevant vaccine HPV types at day 1 and remained negative through month 7, and had no major protocol violations. Intention to treat, generally HPV naive, and unrestricted susceptible populations were also studied. Results In the per protocol susceptible population, vaccine efficacy against lesions related to the HPV types in the vaccine was 96% for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (95% confidence interval 91% to 98%), 100% for both vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (95% CIs 74% to 100%, 64% to 100% respectively), and 99% for condyloma (96% to 100%). Vaccine efficacy against any lesion (regardless of HPV type) in the generally naive population was 30% (17% to 41%), 75% (22% to 94%), and 48% (10% to 71%) for cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade I, respectively, and 83% (74% to 89%) for condyloma. Conclusions Quadrivalent HPV vaccine provided sustained protection against low grade lesions attributable to vaccine HPV types (6, 11, 16, and 18) and a substantial reduction in the burden of these diseases through 42 months of follow-up.
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    Human papillomavirus detection in cervical neoplasia attributed to 12 high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes by region
    (Elsevier, 2016-12) Castellsagué, Xavier; Ault, Kevin A.; Bosch, F. Xavier; Brown, Darron; Cuzick, Jack; Ferris, Daron G.; Jours, Elmar A.; Garland, Suzanne M.; Giuliano, Anna R.; Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio; Huh, Warner; Iversen, Ole-Erik; Kjaer, Susanne K.; Luna, Joaquin; Monsonego, Joseph; Muñoz, Nubia; Myers, Evan; Paavonen, Jorma; Pitisuttihum, Punnee; Steben, Marc; Wheeler, Cosette M.; Perez, Gonzalo; Saah, Alfred; Luxembourg, Alain; Sings, Heather L.; Velicer, Christine; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Background We estimated the proportion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) cases attributed to 14 HPV types, including quadrivalent (qHPV) (6/11/16/18) and 9-valent (9vHPV) (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) vaccine types, by region Methods Women ages 15–26 and 24–45 years from 5 regions were enrolled in qHPV vaccine clinical trials. Among 10,706 women (placebo arms), 1539 CIN1, 945 CIN2/3, and 24 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) cases were diagnosed by pathology panel consensus. Results Predominant HPV types were 16/51/52/56 (anogenital infection), 16/39/51/52/56 (CIN1), and 16/31/52/58 (CIN2/3). In regions with largest sample sizes, minimal regional variation was observed in 9vHPV type prevalence in CIN1 (~50%) and CIN2/3 (81–85%). Types 31/33/45/52/58 accounted for 25–30% of CIN1 in Latin America and Europe, but 14–18% in North America and Asia. Types 31/33/45/52/58 accounted for 33–38% of CIN2/3 in Latin America (younger women), Europe, and Asia, but 17–18% of CIN2/3 in Latin America (older women) and North America. Non-vaccine HPV types 35/39/51/56/59 had similar or higher prevalence than qHPV types in CIN1 and were attributed to 2–11% of CIN2/3. Conclusions The 9vHPV vaccine could potentially prevent the majority of CIN1-3, irrespective of geographic region. Notwithstanding, non-vaccine types 35/39/51/56/59 may still be responsible for some CIN1, and to a lesser extent CIN2/3.
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    Human papillomavirus seroprevalence and seroconversion following baseline detection of nine human papillomavirus types in young women
    (Elsevier, 2022) Brown, Darron R.; Castellsagué, Xavier; Ferris, Daron; Garland, Suzanne M.; Huh, Warner; Steben, Marc; Wheeler, Cosette M.; Saah, Alfred; Luxembourg, Alain; Li, Se; Velicer, Christine; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Estimates of the humoral immune response to incident human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are limited. Methods: In this post hoc analysis of 3875 women aged 16-23 years from a 4-valent HPV vaccine trial (NCT00092482), HPV seroprevalence on day 1 was measured with a 9-valent HPV (HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) competitive Luminex immunoassay and compared with cervical/external genital HPV detection by polymerase chain reaction. In the control group, among women who were HPV DNA‒negative on day 1, seroconversion following initial HPV detection was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results: Type-specific HPV seropositivity among women with no day 1 cervical/external genital HPV detection was 0.6%-3.6%. Women with any 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) cervical/external genital detection (796/3875; 20.5%) had concordant seropositivity ranging from 13.4% (HPV 45) to 38.5% (HPV 6). Among women in the control group who were negative for all HPV types on day 1, seroconversion by month 30 after initial detection ranged from 29% (HPV 45) to 75% (HPV 16). Conclusions: Humoral immune response to HPV is variable and dynamic, depending on type-specific exposure. This longitudinal analysis provides insight into the relationship between incident infection and seropositivity.
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    Uptake of Co-testing with HPV and Cytology for Cervical Screening: A population-based evaluation in the United States
    (Elsevier, 2021) Cuzick, Jack; Du, Ruofei; Adcock, Rachael; Kinney, Walter; Joste, Nancy; McDonald, Ruth M.; English, Kevin; Torres, Salina M.; Saslow, Debbie; Wheeler, Cosette M.; New Mexico HPV Pap Registry Steering Committee; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical screening has been shown to increase the yield of precancerous disease and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer more than cytology alone. Here we document the state-wide uptake of co-testing with HPV and cytology in women aged 30-64 years as recommended by national and international bodies. Methods: Registry-based study of all screening cytology and HPV tests in New Mexico from 2008 to 2019 among women aged 21-64 years, with a focus on cytology negative tests to distinguish co-testing from reflex HPV testing to triage equivocal or mildly abnormal cytology. Results: A total of 1,704,055 cervical screening tests from 681,440 women aged 21-64 years in the state of New Mexico were identified. The proportion of screening tests which were co-tests rose from 5.6% in 2008 to 84.3% in 2019 among women aged 30-64 years with a marked change from the near exclusive use of the Hybrid Capture II HPV test, (a signal amplified test method) to the use of target amplified HPV tests. The largest increases were seen between 2013 and 2015, reflecting the introduction and adoption of new clinical guidelines. Increases in co-testing were also seen in younger women. Conclusions: Co-testing is now well established in women aged 30-64 years, but smaller increases have also been seen at younger ages, although this is not currently recommended. The impact of co-testing on cervical disease outcomes and number of colposcopies and biopsies in routine population settings remain important, especially in young women.