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Browsing by Author "Visco, Andrew"
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Item Cell type-specific manifestations of cortical thickness heterogeneity in schizophrenia(Springer Nature, 2022) Di Biase, Maria A.; Geaghan, Michael P.; Reay, William R.; Seidlitz, Jakob; Weickert, Cynthia Shannon; Pébay, Alice; Green, Melissa J.; Quidé, Yann; Atkins, Joshua R.; Coleman, Michael J.; Bouix, Sylvain; Knyazhanskaya, Evdokiya E.; Lyall, Amanda E.; Pasternak, Ofer; Kubicki, Marek; Rathi, Yogesh; Visco, Andrew; Gaunnac, Megan; Lv, Jinglei; Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I.; Lewandowski, Kathryn E.; Holt, Daphne J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Pantelis, Christos; Öngür, Dost; Breier, Alan; Cairns, Murray J.; Shenton, Martha E.; Zalesky, Andrew; Psychiatry, School of MedicineBrain morphology differs markedly between individuals with schizophrenia, but the cellular and genetic basis of this heterogeneity is poorly understood. Here, we sought to determine whether cortical thickness (CTh) heterogeneity in schizophrenia relates to interregional variation in distinct neural cell types, as inferred from established gene expression data and person-specific genomic variation. This study comprised 1849 participants in total, including a discovery (140 cases and 1267 controls) and a validation cohort (335 cases and 185 controls). To characterize CTh heterogeneity, normative ranges were established for 34 cortical regions and the extent of deviation from these ranges was measured for each individual with schizophrenia. CTh deviations were explained by interregional gene expression levels of five out of seven neural cell types examined: (1) astrocytes; (2) endothelial cells; (3) oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs); (4) excitatory neurons; and (5) inhibitory neurons. Regional alignment between CTh alterations with cell type transcriptional maps distinguished broad patient subtypes, which were validated against genomic data drawn from the same individuals. In a predominantly neuronal/endothelial subtype (22% of patients), CTh deviations covaried with polygenic risk for schizophrenia (sczPRS) calculated specifically from genes marking neuronal and endothelial cells (r = -0.40, p = 0.010). Whereas, in a predominantly glia/OPC subtype (43% of patients), CTh deviations covaried with sczPRS calculated from glia and OPC-linked genes (r = -0.30, p = 0.028). This multi-scale analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, and brain phenotypic data may indicate that CTh heterogeneity in schizophrenia relates to inter-individual variation in cell-type specific functions. Decomposing heterogeneity in relation to cortical cell types enables prioritization of schizophrenia subsets for future disease modeling efforts.Item Social Media Usage and Symptomatology in Patients with First Episode Psychosis(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, IUPUI, 2016-04-08) Hadley, Abigail; Visco, Andrew; Mehdiyoun, Nicole; Francis, MichaelSchizophrenia is a severe complex psychiatric disorder characterized by symptoms such as auditory hallucinations, delusional thinking, diminished ability to emote and interact socially, and cognitive impairment. The first episode of schizophrenia manifest in late adolescence or early adulthood, a critical time period for development. Disruption of development frequently leads to psychosocial dysfunction. Early identification and treatment is key. Engagement in treatment is important for patients in the first episode of psychosis (FEP), but is a major challenge for healthcare providers. Concurrent with emerging research on social media usage in the general population, recent literature on the social media usage in patients with psychosis has also expanded. On average, adults in the general population spend about 12 hrs/wk on social media and recent findings have suggested that patients with schizophrenia, despite experiencing significant difficulties in social functioning, utilize social media, as well. Such findings suggests an opportunity for novel interventions that utilize social media to increase treatment engagement. Intervention of this kind is new and has so far shown modest results in increasing patient adherence to treatment, but few studies have specifically analyzed social media usage and symptomatology. Researchers analyzed social media usage of FEP patients in relation to the symptomatology. Data collected at the Prevention and Recovery Center for Early Psychosis (PARC) between 2011 and 2015 was compiled and analyzed. While there were no significant correlations between symptomatology and social media, researchers discovered this patient group spent less time on social media compared to the national average. Therefore, access to electronic devices and social media usage should be considered when developing interventions.