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Browsing by Author "Vance, David"
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Item Developing a PV and Energy Storage Sizing Methodology for Off-Grid Transactive Microgrids(2019-05) Vance, David; Razban, Ali; Schubert, Peter J.; Weissbach, Robert; Mechanical and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and TechnologyA simulation tool was developed through MATLAB for comparing Centralized Energy Sharing (CES) and Interconnected Energy Sharing (IES) operating strategies with a standard Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System (SAPV). The tool can be used to investigate the effect of several variables on cost and trading behavior including: initial charge of Energy Storage System (ESS), amount of load variability, starting month, number of stand-alone systems, geographic location, and required reliability. It was found that the CES strategy improves initial cost by 7% to 10% compared to a standard SAPV in every simulation. The IES case consistently saved money compared to the baseline, just by a very small amount (less than 1%). The number of systems did not have a demonstrable effect, giving the same cost per system whether there were 2 systems or 50 involved in the trading strategies. Geographic locations studied (Indianapolis, Indiana; Phoenix, Arizona; Little Rock, Arkansas; and Erie, Pennsylvania) showed a large variation on the total installed cost with Phoenix being the least expensive and Erie being the most expensive location. Required reliability showed a consistent and predictable effect with cost going down as the requirement relaxed and more hours of outage were allowed.Item Investigation into Sizing Photovoltaic with Energy Storage for Off-Grid Transactive Scenarios(MDPI, 2021) Vance, David; Razban, Ali; Schubert, Peter J.; Weissbach, Robert; Mechanical and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and TechnologyIn this study, a novel sizing methodology was developed for centralized and interconnected operating strategies of transactive microgrids and several variables were investigated including starting month, initial charge of battery, load variability, unit cost of solar panels and energy storage, number of systems, climate, and required reliability to determine their effect on total cost. The centralized strategy improved cost by seven to ten percent compared to the isolated strategy in every case. The interconnected strategy saved an incremental amount of money consistently compared to the isolated standard. The number of connected systems was not a strong effect. It was thought that increasing the number of systems would increase the benefit of energy sharing. Climate zones studied (“Cold”; “Hot-Dry/Mixed Dry”; “Mixed Humid”; and “Cold but with lower solar irradiation”) showed a large variation on cost with the Hot-Dry/Mixed Dry being the least expensive and Cold, with lower solar irradiation being the most expensive. Cost sensitivity analysis was performed showing that the unit cost of solar has a greater effect on the total cost. Required reliability of power, measured in outage hours, exhibited an inverse relation with cost.