Browsing by Author "Thompson, Hayley S."

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    A Review of Research on Disparities in the Care of Black and White Patients With Cancer in Detroit
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-07-07) Simon, Michael S.; Raychaudhuri, Sreejata; Hamel, Lauren M.; Penner, Louis A.; Schwartz, Kendra L.; Harper, Felicity W. K.; Thompson, Hayley S.; Booza, Jason C.; Cote, Michele; Schwartz, Ann G.; Eggly, Susan; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Racial disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes are well-documented in the US, with Black people having higher incidence rates and worse outcomes than White people. In this review, we present a summary of almost 30 years of research conducted by investigators at the Karmanos Cancer Institute's (KCI's) Population Studies and Disparities Research (PSDR) Program focusing on Black-White disparities in cancer incidence, care, and outcomes. The studies in the review focus on individuals diagnosed with cancer from the Detroit Metropolitan area, but also includes individuals included in national databases. Using an organizational framework of three generations of studies on racial disparities, this review describes racial disparities by primary cancer site, disparities associated with the presence or absence of comorbid medical conditions, disparities in treatment, and disparities in physician-patient communication, all of which contribute to poorer outcomes for Black cancer patients. While socio-demographic and clinical differences account for some of the noted disparities, further work is needed to unravel the influence of systemic effects of racism against Black people, which is argued to be the major contributor to disparate outcomes between Black and White patients with cancer. This review highlights evidence-based strategies that have the potential to help mitigate disparities, improve care for vulnerable populations, and build an equitable healthcare system. Lessons learned can also inform a more equitable response to other health conditions and crises.
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    Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US
    (Springer Nature, 2025-01-09) Greteman, Breanna B.; Cole, Allison; Charlton, Mary E.; Shannon, Jackilen; Kepka, Deanna; Paskett, Electra D.; Borrayo, Evelinn A.; Studts, Jamie L.; Thompson, Hayley S.; Scarinci, Isabel; Hinton, Lynn Chollet; Chrischilles, Elizabeth A.; Garcia-Auguste, Crystal J.; Christini, Kaila; Aker, Heather; Plascak, Jesse J.; Harper, Felicity W. K.; Baskin, Monica L.; Bae, Sejong; Pandya, Vishruti; Kim, Young-Il; Faseru, Babalola; Befort, Christie; Kuo, Hanluen; Dignan, Mark; Canedo, Juan; Champion, Victoria; Drake, Bettina F.; Davis, Kia L.; Friedman, Debra L.; Elsaid, Mohamed I.; Mama, Scherezade K.; Cohn, Wendy F.; School of Nursing
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors. Our study assessed changes in cancer-related health behaviors during the pandemic, specifically physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake, smoking/tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. Methods: Eight cancer centers administered mailed/web-based/telephone surveys between June 2020 and March 2021. Surveys assessed demographics, perceptions on social distancing, and self-reported changes of behaviors (less/same/more) associated with cancer prevention or risk, e.g., physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake, tobacco/smoking use, and alcohol consumption. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models assessed association of variables with behavior change. Results: Most of the 21,911 respondents reported adhering to at least 4(of 5) social distancing measures (72%) and indicated social distancing was very/somewhat important to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (91%). 35% of respondents reported less physical activity, 11% reported less fruit/vegetable intake, 27% reported more smoking/tobacco use (among those who used tobacco/smoking products in past 30 days), and 23% reported more alcohol consumption (among those who reported at least 1 drink in past 30 days) than before the pandemic. Urban residence, younger age, female gender, and worse general health were associated with less physical activity, less fruit/vegetable intake, more smoking/tobacco use, and more alcohol intake. Higher educational attainment was associated with less physical activity and fruit/vegetable intake and more alcohol consumption. Reporting social distancing as important and adhering to more COVID-19 safety practices were associated with less physical activity and more alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that certain demographics and those who adhered to social distancing measures were more likely to self-report unfavorable changes in health behaviors during the pandemic. Future studies should examine if the behaviors returned to baseline following relief from pandemic restrictions, and if these behavior changes are associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality.