Browsing by Author "Temm, Connie"

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    CD68 Macrophage Expression in Normal Breast Tissue and Cancer
    (2019-04-19) Gaines, Madelynn; Jacobsen, Max; Temm, Connie; Sandusky, George
    Breast cancer is a common disease and is the second leading cause of death in women. This type of cancer is usually hormonally driven by estrogen, progesterone, and HER2. Macrophages play a large role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The aim of this study was to investigate the percent of macrophages in 32 normal breast tissues, 66 normal adjacent tissue (NAT), and 82 breast cancer tissues using the CD68-specific biomarker. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were created, which are composed of 2-mm cores from multiple patients mounted onto a single slide. The breast tissue samples were fixed, processed, microtomed, and stained with CD68. Unstained slides were immunostained using the Dako FLEX system. The slides were imaged using the Aperio Whole Slide Imaging platform and the tissues were evaluated using the positive pixel count algorithm (a quantitative image analysis system). The positivity of macrophages in the tissue samples were reported as a percentage, and compared across the three groups. It was found that the CD68 positivity in the normal and breast cancer tissue were even, and the NAT was lower. However, the three groups had overlapping standard deviations. Because difference between the percentages of each group was minimal and the deviations overlapped, it was concluded that there is no statistical difference between the three groups.
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    STAINING OF OVCA1 ANTIBODY IN HUMAN MALIGNANCIES
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Grothaus, Kristen; Temm, Connie; Mayo, Lindsey; Sandusky, George
    Immunohistochemistry biomarkers are currently being developed to tar-get specific proteins found in cancer cells. The biomarker and putative tumor suppressor, OvCa1, has a function that is not well characterized. Due to lack of reagents, we developed monoclonal antibodies of OvCa1 to examine mul-tiple human malignancies. Primary cancers with different histologic grades as well as with metastatic lesions were examined with the monoclonal anti-bodies. Ovarian cancer tissue samples from the IU Simon Cancer Center Tis-sue Bank were used for this study. The samples were fixed in neutral buff-ered formalin and processed into a paraffin block. The slides were microtomed, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the OvCa1 antibody was performed. Thirty-one low, medium, and high grade tumors as well as meta-static ovarian carcinomas were evaluated. All cases revealed a range of staining intensity with OvCa1. The results indicated that OvCa1 had the highest immunostaining in the high grade, Stage 3 to 4 ovarian carcinomas. Medium grade tumors had less OvCa1 expression, while the metastatic tu-mors had less staining than any of the other three grades. Immunostaining was observed primarily in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the tumor cells. In addition, we evaluated approximately 20 tumors from various different or-gans. These included prostate, breast, spleen, lung, colon, stomach, and kidney tumors, which were positive for immunostaining with the OvCa1 anti-body. In summary, the results indicate that all histologic grades express the biomarker, OvCa1, and the staining intensity was highest in the high grade, Stage 3 and 4 tumors. Our preliminary studies demonstrate a further need to delineate OvCa1 as a potential biomarker, which could be used for early detection and diagnosis of ovarian cancer.