Browsing by Author "Tanabe, Paula"

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    Bereaved Parents’ Health Status During the First 6 Months After Their Child’s Death
    (Sage, 2018) Dias, Nancy; Brandon, Debra; Haase, Joan E.; Tanabe, Paula; School of Nursing
    Purpose: To examine bereaved parents’ physical, mental, and social health during the first 6 months after their child’s (<12 years) death from a life-threatening illness. Background and Significance: Bereaved parents have higher mortality and morbidity rates when compared to nonbereaved parents. Acute illnesses, hospitalizations, and medication changes are highest in the first 6 months. An understanding of bereaved parents’ health risk indicators can help inform development of health promotion and disease prevention measures. Methods and Analysis: A prospective descriptive study examined 8 parent dyads. Parents completed health surveys (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–global, social, and sleep; Brief Symptom Inventory [BSI] 18), which are used to assess parents’ health at 3 and 6 months after their child’s death. Demographic data included a medical history, hospital or emergency department visits, and smoking and alcohol intake. Descriptive statistics were used to compare parents’ scores to US general population scores. Findings: Mothers’ and fathers’ physical, mental, and sleep health scores were typically within 1 to 2 standard deviations of the population norms. However, their social health scores were as low as 3 standard deviations and all parents’ scores were below population norms. Four (25%) of the 16 parents had new diagnosis during the first 6 months. Based on the BSI-18, 3 parents had their scores above population cutoffs, which warranted a need for further clinical evaluation. Conclusions: Health data highlight the “at-risk” health status of bereaved parents. Further validation of these data is required to support the development of health promotion and disease prevention programs.
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    Initial evaluation of an intervention to address provider implicit bias in pediatric sickle cell disease pain care: A mixed methods pilot study
    (Taylor & Francis, 2025-05-09) Mulchan, Siddika S.; Theriault, Christopher B.; DiVietro, Susan; Litt, Mark D.; Wakefield, Emily O.; Sukhera, Javeed; Tanabe, Paula; Thomas, Hannah R.; Santos, Melissa; Zempsky, William T.; Boruchov, Donna; Hirsh, Adam T.; Psychology, School of Science
    Background: Health care provider (HCP) implicit bias can impact health outcomes for youth with sickle cell disease (SCD). Aims: : The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of an individuation and perspective-taking (IPT) intervention to decrease implicit bias and improve pain treatment clinical decision making in pediatric SCD HCPs. Methods: This mixed methods pilot randomly assigned HCPs (N = 36) to an intervention (n = 17) or control condition (n = 19). Implicit and explicit bias measures were administered pretreatment and 3 months postintervention. Differences were analyzed using repeated measures analyses of variance. HCP ratings of virtual patient vignettes depicting Black and White youth with SCD or cancer pain were used to assess differential clinical decision making based on race and diagnosis and analyzed using hierarchical linear mixed model analysis. Focus groups with intervention participants were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: No significant differences in scores on bias measures across time, condition, or the Condition × Time interaction were found (all P < 0.05). Significant differences in HCP ratings were found between types of HCPs (P < 0.001), but no effects were attributable to condition, time, virtual patient race, or diagnosis. Ten themes were extracted regarding the intervention's format, structure, and content. Conclusions: This study is the first to evaluate an IPT intervention in pediatric SCD HCPs. HCPs deemed the intervention feasible, acceptable, and impactful and suggested areas for improvement. Future research should refine the intervention to incorporate greater patient involvement and skills practice to improve health outcomes for this underserved population.