Browsing by Author "Stephens, Bonnie E."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Are Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Improving? Impact of Bayley Assessment on Outcomes
    (Elsevier, 2012) Vohr, Betty R.; Stephens, Bonnie E.; Higgins, Rosemary D.; Bann, Carla M.; Hintz, Susan R.; Epi, M. S.; Das, Abhik; Newman, Jamie E.; Peralta-Carcelen, Myriam; Yolton, Kimberly; Dusick, Anna M.; Evans, Patricia W.; Goldstein, Ricki F.; Ehrenkranz, Richard A.; Pappas, Athina; Adams-Chapman, Ira; Wilson-Costello, Deanne E.; Bauer, Charles R.; Bodnar, Anna; Heyne, Roy J.; Vaucher, Yvonne E.; Dillard, Robert G.; Acarregui, Michael J.; McGowan, Elisabeth C.; Myers, Gary J.; Fuller, Janell; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Network Human Development Neonatal Research; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Objectives: To compare 18- to 22-month cognitive scores and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in 2 time periods using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Neonatal Research Network assessment of extremely low birth weight infants with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (Bayley II) in 2006-2007 (period 1) and using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley III), with separate cognitive and language scores, in 2008-2011 (period 2). Study design: Scores were compared with bivariate analysis, and regression analyses were run to identify differences in NDI rates. Results: Mean Bayley III cognitive scores were 11 points higher than mean Bayley II cognitive scores. The NDI rate was reduced by 70% (from 43% in period 1 to 13% in period 2; P < .0001). Multivariate analyses revealed that Bayley III contributed to a decreased risk of NDI by 5 definitions: cognitive score <70 and <85, cognitive or language score <70; cognitive or motor score <70, and cognitive, language, or motor score <70 (P < .001). Conclusion: Whether the Bayley III is overestimating cognitive performance or whether it is a more valid assessment of emerging cognitive skills than the Bayley II is uncertain. Because the Bayley III identifies significantly fewer children with disability, it is recommended that all extremely low birth weight infants be offered early intervention services at the time of discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, and that Bayley scores be interpreted with caution.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Extremely Preterm Infants
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2012) Stephens, Bonnie E.; Bann, Carla M.; Watson, Victoria E.; Sheinkopf, Stephen J.; Peralta-Carcelen, Myriam; Bodnar, Anna; Yolton, Kimberly; Goldstein, Ricki F.; Dusick, Anna M.; Wilson-Costello, Deanne E.; Acarregui, Michael J.; Pappas, Athina; Adams-Chapman, Ira; McGowan, Elisabeth C.; Heyne, Roy J.; Hintz, Susan R.; Ehrenkranz, Richard A.; Fuller, Janell; Das, Abhik; Higgins, Rosemary D.; Vohr, Betty R.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Background: Extremely preterm (EP) infants screen positive for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) at high rates. However, it is not clear whether this is because of high rates of ASD in EPs or to high rates of false-positive screens for ASD in children with a high rate of underlying neurodevelopmental impairments. Combining a parent questionnaire designed to distinguish developmental delay from ASD with direct observation of infant behavior may more accurately screen for ASD in EPs. Objectives: To determine rates of positive screen for ASD at 18 to 22 months(m) in EPs using 3 screens; to determine factors associated with a positive screen. Methods: Five hundred fifty-four infants born <27 weeks were screened at 18 to 22 m using the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening test, second edition Stage 2, and the response to name and response to joint attention items from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Infants with severe cerebral palsy, deafness, and blindness were excluded. Associations between positive screen and neonatal/ infant characteristics were determined. Results: Of 554 infants, 113 (20%) had ≥ 1 positive screen. 10% had a positive Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening test, second edition, 6% response to name, 9% response to joint attention; in only 1 % all 3 screens were positive. Positive screen was associated with male gender, more hospital days, white race, lower maternal education, abnormal behavioral scores, and cognitive/ language delay. Conclusions: The use of 3 screens for ASD in EPs results in higher screen positive rates than use of 1 screen alone. Diagnostic confirmation is needed before true rates of ASD in EPs are known.