Browsing by Author "Steffen, Lyn"

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    Dietary intake and adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: a pilot study
    (Maney Publishing, 2014-11) Lieberman, Jesse; Goff, David; Hammond, Flora; Schreiner, Pamela; Norton, H. James; Dulin, Michael; Zhou, Xia; Steffen, Lyn; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, IU School of Medicine
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate dietary intake and adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied individuals. DESIGN: A pilot study of dietary intake among a sample of individuals with SCI >1 year ago from a single site compared with able-bodied individuals. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS: One hundred black or white adults aged 38-55 years old with SCI >1 year and 100 age-, sex-, and race-matched adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary intake was assessed by the CARDIA dietary history. Linear regression analysis was used to compare dietary intake between the subjects with SCI and those enrolled in the CARDIA study. Further, adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for dairy, fruits, and vegetables, and whole-grain foods was assessed. RESULTS: Compared with CARDIA participants, participants with SCI consumed fewer daily servings of dairy (2.10 vs. 5.0, P < 0.001), fruit (2.01 vs. 3.64, P = 0.002), and whole grain foods (1.20 vs. 2.44 P = 0.007). For each food group, fewer participants with SCI met the recommended servings compared with the CARDIA participants. Specifically, the participants with SCI and in CARDIA who met the guidelines were, respectively: dairy, 22% vs. 54% (P < 0.001), fruits and vegetables 39% vs. 70% (P = 0.001), and whole-grain foods 8% vs. 69.6% (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with able-bodied individuals, SCI participants consumed fewer daily servings of fruit, dairy, and whole grain foods than proposed by the 2010 Dietary Guideline recommendations. Nutrition education for this population may be warranted.
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    Investigating Gene-Diet Interactions Impacting the Association Between Macronutrient Intake and Glycemic Traits
    (American Diabetes Association, 2023) Westerman, Kenneth E.; Walker, Maura E.; Gaynor, Sheila M.; Wessel, Jennifer; DiCorpo, Daniel; Ma, Jiantao; Alonso, Alvaro; Aslibekyan, Stella; Baldridge, Abigail S.; Bertoni, Alain G.; Biggs, Mary L.; Brody, Jennifer A.; Chen, Yii-Der Ida; Dupuis, Joseé; Goodarzi, Mark O.; Guo, Xiuqing; Hasbani, Natalie R.; Heath, Adam; Hidalgo, Bertha; Irvin, Marguerite R.; Johnson, W. Craig; Kalyani, Rita R.; Lange, Leslie; Lemaitre, Rozenn N.; Liu, Ching-Ti; Liu, Simin; Moon, Jee-Young; Nassir, Rami; Pankow, James S.; Pettinger, Mary; Raffield, Laura M.; Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J.; Selvin, Elizabeth; Senn, Mackenzie K.; Shadyab, Aladdin H.; Smith, Albert V.; Smith, Nicholas L.; Steffen, Lyn; Talegakwar, Sameera; Taylor, Kent D.; de Vries, Paul S.; Wilson, James G.; Wood, Alexis C.; Yanek, Lisa R.; Yao, Jie; Zheng, Yinan; Boerwinkle, Eric; Morrison, Alanna C.; Fornage, Miriam; Russell, Tracy P.; Psaty, Bruce M.; Levy, Daniel; Heard-Costa, Nancy L.; Ramachandran, Vasan S.; Mathias, Rasika A.; Arnett, Donna K.; Kaplan, Robert; North, Kari E.; Correa, Adolfo; Carson, April; Rotter, Jerome I.; Rich, Stephen S.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Reiner, Alexander P.; Kooperberg, Charles; Florez, Jose C.; Meigs, James B.; Merino, Jordi; Tobias, Deirdre K.; Chen, Han; Manning, Alisa K.; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Few studies have demonstrated reproducible gene-diet interactions (GDIs) impacting metabolic disease risk factors, likely due in part to measurement error in dietary intake estimation and insufficient capture of rare genetic variation. We aimed to identify GDIs across the genetic frequency spectrum impacting the macronutrient-glycemia relationship in genetically and culturally diverse cohorts. We analyzed 33,187 participants free of diabetes from 10 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program cohorts with whole-genome sequencing, self-reported diet, and glycemic trait data. We fit cohort-specific, multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models for the effect of diet, modeled as an isocaloric substitution of carbohydrate for fat, and its interactions with common and rare variants genome-wide. In main effect meta-analyses, participants consuming more carbohydrate had modestly lower glycemic trait values (e.g., for glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], -0.013% HbA1c/250 kcal substitution). In GDI meta-analyses, a common African ancestry-enriched variant (rs79762542) reached study-wide significance and replicated in the UK Biobank cohort, indicating a negative carbohydrate-HbA1c association among major allele homozygotes only. Simulations revealed that >150,000 samples may be necessary to identify similar macronutrient GDIs under realistic assumptions about effect size and measurement error. These results generate hypotheses for further exploration of modifiable metabolic disease risk in additional cohorts with African ancestry. Article highlights: We aimed to identify genetic modifiers of the dietary macronutrient-glycemia relationship using whole-genome sequence data from 10 Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program cohorts. Substitution models indicated a modest reduction in glycemia associated with an increase in dietary carbohydrate at the expense of fat. Genome-wide interaction analysis identified one African ancestry-enriched variant near the FRAS1 gene that may interact with macronutrient intake to influence hemoglobin A1c. Simulation-based power calculations accounting for measurement error suggested that substantially larger sample sizes may be necessary to discover further gene-macronutrient interactions.