IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "Starkey, Paul E."

Browsing by Author "Starkey, Paul E."

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The attitudes of dentists in Indiana toward the treatment of patients with cerebral palsy
(1977) Wickliffe, Thomas James, 1946-; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; Koerber, Leonard G.; Roche, James R., 1924-; Starkey, Paul E.; Barton, Paul
The attitudes of Indiana dentists toward the treatment of cerebral palsied patients were investigated. A two-page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used. A sample of 506 dentists were selected: 402 general practitioners chosen on the basis of year of graduation, location and community size; and 104 specialists chosen on the basis of geographic location and type of practice. All of the practicing specialties were represented. Eighty percent of the questionnaires were returned, including 75 percent of general practitioners and 97 percent of specialists. The first hypothesis, that general practitioners are reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients, was disproved. Forty-eight percent of the general practitioners had treated one or more such patients in the past year and 84 percent indicated willingness to treat these patients. The general practitioners cited a lack of proper equipment and a feeling of apprehension as problems. The second hypothesis, that the general practitioner in a community of less than 2,500 is more reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients than those in a larger city, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found based on community size. The third hypothesis, that the general practitioner who has graduated from dental school within the last 10 years is less reluctant to treat these patients than earlier graduates, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found between these groups. The fourth hypothesis, that the general practitioner feels that he did not receive adequate education concerning treatment of these patients and is willing to acquire more knowledge, was verified. The fifth hypothesis, that the specialist is less reluctant to treat patients with cerebral palsy than is the general practitioners was verified. Nearly 90 per cent of the specialists indicated a willingness to treat patients with cerebral palsy.
Effectiveness of oral hygiene instruction to parents of preschool cerebral palsy children
(1974) Ditto, Roland R., 1943-; Roche, James R., 1924-; Katz, Simon, 1920-1987; Starkey, Paul E.; Koerber, Leonard G.; Barton, Paul
The lack of an effective method for teaching oral hygiene procedures to parents of handicapped children prompted this investigation. Seventy-nine preschool cerebral palsy children were randomly distributed according to age and sex into three groups. The parents of these groups received the following instruction: Group I - written instructions for a detailed approach to oral hygiene maintenance in the home as if the child were without handicap; Group II - written instructions for a specialized approach to home oral hygiene maintenance with emphasis on two people providing the care, and mouth propping for access and stability of the arms and legs; Group III - no specific oral hygiene instructions. Each child in each group received a thorough oral examination and deposits of dental plaque were disclosed, numerically scored and recorded. Each parent of the three study groups participated in a written examination of dental knowledge at each visit. After each examination, the correct answers were given to the parent by both a verbal and written response. Parents and children returned at 90-day intervals. Variables such as transportation, surgery performed during the period of study, deteriorating health in the child, parental apathy about dental problems, and change in family job or location, reduced the sample from seventy-nine to fifty-four subjects, with data being obtained for pre- and post- examination periods. Both test group of parents significantly improved their dental knowledge scores after ninety days. However, none of the children decreased their plaque enough to show statistical significance. Perhaps there was some motivational improvement in the Group II parents, as they returned for the examination at a better rate, judged to be significant as compared to the other groups. Further investigation is recommended either to study the technique by itself without a time interval between scores or to evaluate the factors of intelligence, economic level, gravity of medical situation, and sibling support as they offset changes in behavior. Until then, it appears on the basis of this study that it is possible to increase the parent's knowledge of oral health but that changing the behavior of the parent actually performing the task is much more difficult.
The effects of a dietary supplement of fresh oranges on the oral health of children
(1973) Dilley, Gary J.; Roche, James R., 1924-; Starkey, Paul E.; House, James E., 1925-; Barton, Paul
The effects of additional citrus fruit in the diet on the periodontium have been a debated subject for some time. This study attempted to measure the effects of eating three additional oranges per day by 123 children ages six through twenty years and an equal number of controls over a 23-week period. To measure any changes that might take place, the following were evaluated clinically, and the decayed, missing and filled surfaces were also evaluated radiographically: 1. gingival status 2. plaque formation 3. D.M.F.S. and d.m.f.s. 4. white spots Results after the 23 week test period showed that the gingival scores increased significantly in both groups (increased inflammation). The plaque formation score also increased in both groups, but only the non-orange eaters' score increased significantly over their original score and over the orange eaters' score. The decayed, missing, and filled surfaces and white spots did not change significantly in either group. Therefore with this study sample over the 23-week test period, the additional oranges in the diet had limited measurable effect on the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity.
The effects of apical modification on the vitality of replanted permanent monkey teeth
(1977) Walsh, John Senan, 1951-; Roche, James R., 1924-; El-Kafrawy, Abdel Hady, 1935-; Koerber, Leonard G.; Starkey, Paul E.; Stookey, George K.
A study was conducted on the effects in a rhesus monkey of increasing the surface area of pulpal tissue available for revascularisation and regeneration of nerves after replantation of permanent teeth. Four teeth were replanted and used for controls, including two with incomplete apical development. Twelve teeth with completed apical development were replanted immediately after apical modification to increase the surface area of exposed pulp. The technique consisted of creating a facial and lingual groove in the apical region and exposing additional pulpal tissue. Radiographs were taken periodically and the replanted teeth were stable during the study period. The monkey was sacrificed after 93 days. The first hypothesis, that the apically modified teeth would sustain a healthy periodontium clinically for a period of ninety days, was disproved. Histological sections of the teeth and their supporting tissues showed varying amounts of root resorption and ankylosis. All of the apically modified teeth showed pulp necrosis, while three of the four control teeth had reestablished blood and vascular supplies and appeared vital. Ingrowth of granulation tissue was seen in the replanted teeth with pulp necrosis including one control tooth which had failed to revascularize. The second hypothesis, that the apically modified teeth would demonstrate significantly more apical revascularisation and nerve regeneration than the control teeth, was also disproved. In conclusion, the apical modification technique as performed to increase the area available for regeneration of nerves and vessels was not a success. As expected, however, immediate replantation of avulsed teeth resulted in reestablishment of periodontal membrane attachments.
Evaluation of a new pulp capping agent: a clinical investigation
(1979) Nirschl, Ronald Francis; Poland, Charles, III; Koerber, Leonard G.; Barton, Paul; Starkey, Paul E.
This study compared clinical results of two calcium hydroxide bases used in indirect pulp therapy on human teeth. Thirty-four teeth with deep carious lesions were treated with indirect pulp therapy. Eighteen teeth were treated with commercially available Improved Dycal and 16 teeth were treated with an experimental calcium hydroxide formula. Evaluation was made at intervals of three and six months. After three months, periapical and bitewing radiographs were made and the teeth were examined clinically for signs of pulpal degeneration. At the six-month evaluation, in addition to the radiographic and clinical examinations, cavities were re-entered and the unsound residual dentin was removed to ascertain the presence of a so1id dentinal base. Removal of all unsound residual dentin without an exposure of the pulp, as well as the clinical and radiographic examinations, were used to determine clinically successful treatment. In the experimental group 15 teeth were successfully treated; a success rate of 94.4 percent. Seventeen teeth in the control group demonstrated successful indirect pulp therapy; a success rate of 93.75 percent.
A laboratory comparison of the adhesion of unfilled and composite resins to acid etched enamel
(1973) Aubuchon, Robert W. (Robert Wayne), 1946-; Starkey, Paul E.; Swartz, Marjorie L.; Koerber, Leonard G.; Barton, Paul; Roche, James R., 1924-
The purpose of this laboratory study was to determine if the bond strengths of composite resins and unfilled resins was affected similarly when applied to enamel surfaces which had been previously etched with 50 per cent phosphoric acid. The test specimens were subjected to 24 hours, 30 days, and 6 months storage in water and then subjected to temperature stress cycling and intermittent tensile stress cycling. A tensile test was used to measure the bond strengths of the composite resins (Adaptic and HL-72) and the unfilled resin (Sevriton). The following results were obtained: (1) Pretreating the enamel surface with 50 per cent phosphoric acid for 60 seconds significantly increased the bond strength of composite resins; (2) when placed on acid etched enamel, there was no significant difference in initial bond strengths obtained for the Adaptic and unfilled Sevriton resins; (3) with prolonged water storage, the Adaptic composite resins developed significant loss of bond strength when compared to the unfilled Sevriton resins and the composite HL-72 resins; (4) when Adaptic resins and the HL-72 resin specimens were compared, there was no significant difference in initial bond strengths but the HL-72 specimens were less affected by storage time. Ca45 was used to assess the marginal seal of Adaptic, HL-72, and Sevriton in acid etched and non-etched Class V restorations. One-half of the specimens were thermal cycled 2500 times and stored in water for one week. Control specimens were tested at the end of one week without the thermal cycle. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that acid etching enhances the marginal seal of both composite and unfilled resins. Both composite and unfilled resins experienced increased marginal leakage when the acid etch preparations were thermal cycled, but there were no observable difference in the marginal seal of unfilled resins and composite resins when placed in acid etched restorations.
Self-concept of parental evaluation of peer relationships in cleft lip and palate children
(1983) Jones, James E.; Barton, Paul; Harshman, Hardwick W., 1914-; Starkey, Paul E.; Avery, David R.; Bixler, David
This investigation examined the relationship of the self-concept of children with cleft lip and palate to the self-concept of non-cleft children. Fifty cleft lip and palate children between the ages of eight and 18 were individually matched by age, sex and race with 50 non-cleft children. Each child was given the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Children with clefts, regardless of sex, reported significantly lower global self-concept than non-cleft subjects (p < .005). Further significant differences between cleft and non-cleft subjects were found in five of six cluster scores. These included: behavior (p < .05), school status (p < .05), popularity (p < .05), happiness and satisfaction (p < .001), and physical attributes and appearance (p < .001). A significant effect (p < .01), was found on the popularity score, with cleft males feeling less popular than their non-cleft peers. A significant effect was also found on the anxiety score, with cleft females reporting significantly more anxiety (p < .01) than their non-cleft peers. A questionnaire was completed by the parents of the cleft and non-cleft subjects evaluating their child's relationship with family, peers and progress in school. In general, parents of both groups reported positive ratings of their child's social interactions. Parents of cleft. . subjects reported more negative responses than the parents of non-cleft subjects concerning the teasing the child experiences because of his/her facial appearance (p < .05) and the effect that the child's facial appearance had on progress in school (p < .05).
The significance of skeletal and dental measurements obtained from a panorex radiograph
(1973) Sigala, Joseph L.; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-; Mitchell, David F.; Starkey, Paul E.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether angular and linear measurements from tracings of a Panorex radiograph provide a valid comparison to bony relationships identified on the lateral cephalometric headplate of the same individual. A pilot study was performed on a dried skull to identify selected skeletal landmarks on Panorex radiographs. Using these landmarks, fifteen measurements of bony relationships of the head were completed on each radiograph. Values obtained on a lateral headplate were compared with measurements on the same patient's Panorex radiograph for a group of forty-eight children. The data were recorded on standard IBM punch cards and submitted for statistical analysis to the Research Computation Center of Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis. The data support the conclusion that angular and linear measurements from a tracing of a Panorex radiograph cannot be compared directly or in a proportional manner to similar measurements from a tracing of a lateral headplate of the same individual. Although there was significant correlation of comparative measurements for the sample group as a whole, there was wide variation from individual to individual.

Browsing by Author "Starkey, Paul E."

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