Browsing by Author "Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003"
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Item Dental defects and rubella embryopathy: a clinical study of fifty children(1968) Musselman, Robert Jay; Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-; Cunningham, Donald M.; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-This study reports the results of the clinical examination of fifty 2 1/2 year old children with congenital defects attributed to infection with prenatal rubella. The results were compared with the results of the clinical examination of fifty normal 2 to 3 year old children. The children with congenital defects attributed to in utero rubella infection had a significantly lower (p<.005) weight at birth and at 2 1/2 years of age. These findings, along with the type and distribution of congenital defects, are in agreement with other reports of children with confirmed rubella embryopathy. The fifty children with rubella embryopathy had a significantly (p<.005) higher incidence of dental defects. Of the rubella children studied, 90 per cent had enamel hypoplasia, 78 per cent had tapered teeth, and 18 per cent had notched anterior teeth. Among the normal children studied, 26 per cent had enamel hypoplasia, 18 per cent had tapered teeth, and none had notched teeth. No other dentofacial abnormalities other than a cleft of the lip and palate in one rubella child were found.Item Effects of cardiac glycosides on the composition of whole-mixed human saliva(1978) McDonald, John S., 1947-; Shafer, William G.; Barton, Paul; Bixler, David; El-Kafrawy, Abdel Hady, 1935-; Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003Electrolyte levels were measured in whole-mixed human saliva collected from cardiology out-patients, to investigate any salivary electrolyte changes occurring in such patients after digitalization. Several recent reports have indicated that clinical symptoms of digitalis intoxication were associated with increased saliva concentrations of K+ and/or Ca++. Because salivary glands contain a highly active Na+, K+-ATPase it seemed logical that these and other salivary electrolytes might be predictably affected by the circulating levels of digitalis. Patients receiving digitoxin (Dtxn) had a higher concentration of Salivary K+ and Ca++ (25.8 ± 2.2 and 2.2 ± 0.2 meq/l, respectively), than the controls not receiving cardiac glycosides (20.1 ± 1.4 and 2.0 ± 0.1 meq/1, respectively). A similar pattern was not found for patients receiving digoxin (Dxn), although the mean Ca++ concentration for females in this group was significantly elevated (control: 1.7 ± 0.2; Dxn: 2.4 ± 0.2 meq/1). The mean serum concentration (ng/ml) of Dtxn was 20.3 ± 1. 9; of Dxn, 1.4 ± 0.2. No change was found in P04, and protein concentrations, or in salivary flow rates between control and experimental groups. The results suggest that salivary electrolyte changes occur after digitalization, but that these changes do not adequately reflect the serum level of digitalis in individual patients. This study was supported in part by PHS 80l-RR5312.Item Predicting the mesial-distal dimensions of teeth with panoramic radiography(1972) Schneider, Paul E.; Starkey, Paul; Englander, William; Kasle, Myron J.; Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003The purpose of this study was to determine the relative accuracy of a panoramic radiographic method in the determination of unerupted tooth mass. Four types of radiographic films were made for each of fifty children. The diameters of the unerupted permanent cuspids and bicuspids were measured to compare and assess the degree of linear distortion between the types of radiographs when obtained under routine clinical conditions. The experimental Panorex film was made with the patient positioned eccentrically, but all other radiographic procedures used in this study followed the techniques recommended by the Indiana University School of Dentistry Department of Radiology. The greatest mesial-distal dimensions of the unerupted permanent cuspids and bicuspids were recorded to the nearest 0.1 millimeter. The data were recorded on standard IBM punch cards and submitted for summation and statistical analysis to the Research Computation Center of Indiana University- Purdue University at Indianapolis. Although magnification was reduced considerably, the experimental technique was demonstrated not to be of sufficient and consistent accuracy to be applicable in the determination of tooth mass for the mixed dentition analysis.Item Vitamin - Fluoride supplements: effect on dental caries and fluorosis in sub-optimum fluoride areas(1975) Hennon, David Kent, 1933-; Roche, James R., 1924-; El-Kafrawy, Abdel Hady, 1935-; Bixler, David; Katz, Simon, 1920-1987; Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003; Mitchell, David F.This study was designed to determine if additional fluoride, ingested as a sodium fluoride - vitamin supplement would provide added protection against dental caries without causing any significant fluorosis. A total of 456 children, one to 14 months of age, residing in cities having 0.6 - 0. 8 ppm F in the water supply were randomly assigned according to age, sex and community to the following groups : Group A, 0. 5 mg F to age 3 then 1. 0 mg thereafter; Group B (control), vitamins throughout the study; and Group C, 0.5 mg F throughout the study. Dental examinations were started at approximately 2 1/2 to 3 years of age and were repeated every six months. A fluorosis examination ended the study after about seven years. When compared according to length of time on product, Group A had a significant reduction in deft and defs of 42.2 and 47.1 percent at 60 months. Group C had a 32.1 and 37.4 percent reduction. When compared by age, Group A had a 37.5 and 44.8 percent reduction in deft and defs at 66 months. Group C had a 34.3 and 40.1 percent reduction for the same period. No significant reductions were observed in permanent teeth. Based on the fluorosis index (Group A - 0.250; Group B - 0.033; and Group C - 0.188) none of the groups had any unacceptable amounts of fluorosis. The results indicate that up to 1.0 mg per day of additional fluoride does not cause objectionable fluorosis and may be ingested safely by children residing in areas containing 0. 6 - 0. 8 ppm F in the water supply. A 0.5 mg F supplement was almost as effective as a 1.0 mg level in providing added protection against dental caries in primary teeth.