Browsing by Author "Sprague, Briana N."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Correlates of Gait Speed Among Older Adults From 6 Countries: Findings From the COSMIC Collaboration
    (Oxford University Press, 2023) Sprague, Briana N.; Zhu, Xiaonan; Rosso, Andrea L.; Verghese, Joe; Delbaere, Kim; Lipnicki, Darren M.; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Ng, Tze Pin; Gwee, Xinyi; Yap, Keng Bee; Kim, Ki-Woong; Han, Ji Won; Oh, Dae Jong; Narazaki, Kenji; Chen, Tao; Chen, Sanmei; Brodaty, Henry; Numbers, Katya; Kochan, Nicole A.; Walker, Richard W.; Paddick, Stella-Maria; Gureje, Oye; Ojagbemi, Akin; Bello, Toyin; Rosano, Caterina; COSMIC Consortium; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Few studies have compared gait speed and its correlates among different ethnogeographic regions. The goals of this study were to describe usual and rapid gait speed, and identify their correlates across Australian, Asian, and African countries. Methods: We used data from 6 population-based cohorts of adults aged 65+ from 6 countries and 3 continents (N = 6 472), with samples ranging from 231 to 1 913. All cohorts are members of the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium collaboration. We investigated whether clinical (body mass index [BMI], hypertension, stroke, apolipoprotein status), psychological (cognition, mood, general health), and behavioral factors (smoking, drinking, physical activity) correlated with usual (N = 4 cohorts) and rapid gait speed (N = 3 cohorts) similarly across cohorts. Regression models were controlled for age, sex, and education, and were sex-stratified. Results: Age- and sex-standardized usual gait speed means ranged from 0.61 to 1.06 m/s and rapid gait speed means ranged from 1.16 to 1.64 m/s. Lower BMI and better cognitive function consistently correlated with faster gait speed in all cohorts. Less consistently, not having hypertension and greater physical activity engagement were associated with faster gait speed. Associations with mood, smoking, and drinking were largely nonsignificant. These patterns were not attenuated by demographics. There was limited evidence that the associations differed by sex, except physical activity, where the greater intensity was associated with usual gait among men but not women. Conclusions: This study is among the first to describe the usual and rapid gait speeds across older adults in Africa, Asia, and Australia.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Does Cognitive Training Reduce Falls across Ten Years?: Data from the ACTIVE Trial
    (MDPI, 2023-03-11) Sprague, Briana N.; Ross, Lesley A.; Ball, Karlene K.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive training on the risk of experiencing a fall across 10 years. The study used data from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) randomized controlled trial. Older adults aged 65–94 were randomly assigned to speed of processing, memory, or reasoning training or to a no-contact control group (n = 2802). The experience of a fall in the prior two months was assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years posttest. Cox proportional hazards explored group differences in the total sample, as well as group differences for participants classified as low risk (n = 2360) and high risk (n = 442) for future falls. The data were censored at the first reported fall postbaseline. After baseline, 983 (35.08%) participants across the full sample reported a fall. There were no significant effects of the training in the full sample or in the low-risk sample of participants. However, the participants at greater risk for future falls in the speed of processing training group were 31% less likely (HR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.998, p = 0.049) to experience a subsequent fall across ten years compared to the control group. Reasoning and memory training did not reduce a future fall in the high-risk sample. The speed of processing training reduced the risk of future falls across ten years in the high-risk participants. Future work should examine moderators and mediators of training in at-risk samples.